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Effects of a Manikin on the Capture Efficiency and Protection Efficiency of a Small Rectangular Hood

机译：人体模型对小矩形罩的捕获效率和保护效率的影响

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摘要

The primary indicator of capturing hood effectiveness is widely assumed to be the "capture velocity" measured normal to the center of the hood face, at the furthest location of the contaminant source. The velocity required at this distance (Vx) is thought to correspond to the appropriate flow (Q) required to capture the contaminant. The adequacy of Vx as a surrogate for hood effectiveness has long been poorly understood and has been little studied. Few considerations of potentially disruptive parameters, such as draft velocity, hood orientation, and operator presence are made during the design phase.;In this study, an anatomically correct heated, breathing, and moving manikin was used as a surrogate for a human hood operator. Velocity profiles of the capture envelope were obtained by particle image velocimetry (PIV) at three orientations (0°, 90°, 180°), with respect to the cross drafts (30, 60, and 120 fpm) generated inside a large wind tunnel. The capturing hood fan speed was set to maintain the Q of nominal Vx values of 50, 100, and 200 fpm, as measured 11 inches away from the hood face, in a controlled environment.;A condensation particle counter (CPC) was used to compare the capture efficiency and protection efficiency of the rectangular hood with the traditional, expensive, and time-consuming tracer gas method. Salt aerosols and Freon 134-A were released, at separate occasions, 11 inches away from the hood face. Measurements were taken within the duct (Cduct) and between the mouth and nose (CBreathingZone) of the manikin. Duct measurements (Cduct100 ) were also collected when the contaminant was directly fed into the duct, and breathing zone measurements were also conducted with the hood turned off (CBreathingZone100). The capture efficiency results of each method were compared, and no significant difference between the methods was found.;With the CPC method established as a viable method, studies were conducted to test the effects of operator presence, movement, hood orientation, and cross drafts under the same conditions as the PIV study. All effects, except for manikin movement, were found to have a significant effect on hood performance. Manikin movement did, however, have a significant effect on contaminant concentrations within the breathing zone of the operator.
机译：广泛地认为捕获罩的有效性的主要指标是在污染源最远的位置垂直于罩面中心测得的“捕获速度”。认为在此距离（Vx）处所需的速度对应于捕获污染物所需的适当流量（Q）。长期以来，人们对Vx作为引擎盖有效性的替代品的适当性了解甚少，并且很少进行研究。在设计阶段很少考虑潜在的破坏性参数，例如吃水速度，引擎盖方向和操作员在场。；在这项研究中，解剖学上正确的加热，呼吸和移动人体模型被用作人类引擎盖操作员的代用品。 。相对于大型风洞内部产生的横向吃水深度（30、60和120 fpm），通过三个方向（0°，90°，180°）的粒子图像测速（PIV）获得了捕获包络的速度剖面。在受控环境中，距离罩盖表面11英寸处测量，将收集罩风扇的速度设置为保持Q V的名义Vx值分别为50、100和200 fpm .;使用凝结颗粒计数器（CPC）将矩形罩的捕获效率和保护效率与传统，昂贵且耗时的示踪气体方法进行比较。盐雾剂和氟利昂134-A分别在距引擎盖表面11英寸处释放。在人体模型的导管（导管）内和口鼻之间（CBathathingZone）进行测量。当污染物直接送入管道时，也收集了风管测量值（Cduct100），并且在关闭发动机罩的情况下也进行了呼吸区测量（CBreathingZone100）。比较了每种方法的捕获效率结果，没有发现两种方法之间的显着差异。通过建立CPC方法作为可行方法，进行了研究以测试操作员在场，移动，引擎盖方向和横向吃水的影响在与PIV研究相同的条件下。发现除了人体模型运动以外的所有影响都对引擎盖性能产生重大影响。但是，人体模型的移动确实对操作员呼吸区域内的污染物浓度产生了重大影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Geissler, Brian Scott.;

  • 作者单位

    West Virginia University.;

  • 授予单位 West Virginia University.;
  • 学科 Occupational safety.;Industrial engineering.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2017
  • 页码 152 p.
  • 总页数 152
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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