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Palmprint identification based on generalization of IrisCode.

机译：基于IrisCode泛化的掌纹识别。

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The development of accurate and reliable security systems is a matter of wide interest, and in this context biometrics is seen as a highly effective automatic mechanism for personal identification. Among biometric technologies, 1IrisCode developed by Daugman in 1993 is regarded as a highly accurate approach, being able to support real-time personal identification of large databases. Since 1993, on the top of IrisCode, different coding methods have been proposed for iris and fingerprint identification. In this research, I extend and generalize IrisCode for real-time secure palmprint identification.Although many coding methods have been developed based on IrisCode for iris and palmprint identification, we lack a detailed analysis of IrisCode. One of the aims of this research is to provide such analysis as a way of better understanding IrisCode, extending the coarse phase representation to a precise phase representation, and uncovering the relationship between IrisCode and other coding methods. This analysis demonstrates that IrisCode is a clustering process with four prototypes the locus of a Gabor function is a two-dimensional ellipse with respect to a phase parameter and the bitwise hamming distance can be regarded as a bitwise angular distance. In this analysis, I also point out that the theoretical evidence of the imposter binomial distribution of IrisCode is incomplete. I use this analysis to develop a precise phase representation which can enhance iris recognition accuracy and to relate IrisCode and other coding methods. By making use of this analysis, principal component analysis and simulated annealing, near optimal filters for palmprint identification are sought. The near optimal filters perform better than Competitive Code in term of d' index.Identical twins having the closest genetics-based relationship are expected to have maximum similarity in their biometrics. Classifying identical twins is a challenging problem for some automatic biometric systems. Palmprint has been studied for personal identification for many years. However, genetically identical palmprints have not been studied. I systemically examine Competitive Code on genetically identical palmprints for automatic personal identification and to uncover the genetically related palmprint features. The experimental results show that the three principal lines and some portions of weak lines are genetically related features but our palms still contain rich genetically unrelated features for classifying identical twins.As biometric systems are vulnerable to replay, database and brute-force attacks, such potential attacks must be analyzed before they are massively deployed in security systems. I propose projected multinomial distribution for studying the probability of successfully using brute-force attacks to break into a palmprint system based on Competitive Code. The proposed model indicates that it is computationally infeasible to break into the palmprint system using brute-force attacks. In addition to brute-force attacks, I address the other three security issues: template re-issuances, also called cancellable biometrics, replay attacks, and database attacks. A random orientation filter bank (ROFB) is used to generate cancellable Competitive Codes for templates re-issuances. Secret messages are hidden in templates to prevent replay and database attacks. This technique can be regarded as template watermarking. A series of analyses is provided to evaluate the security levels of the measures.PalmCode, the first coding method for palmprint identification developed by me in 2002, directly applied IrisCode to extract phase information of palmprints as features. However, I observe that the PalmCodes from the different palms are similar, having many 45° streaks. Such structural similarities in the PalmCodes of different palms would reduce the individuality of PalmCodes and the performance of palmprint identification systems. To reduce the correlation between PalmCodes, in this thesis, I employ multiple elliptical Gabor filters with different orientations to compute different PalmCodes and merge them to produce a single feature, called Fusion Code. Experimental results demonstrate that Fusion Code performs better than PalmCode. Based on the results of Fusion Code, I further identify that the orientation fields of palmprints are powerful features. Consequently, Competitive Code, which uses real parts of six Gabor filters to estimate the orientation fields, is developed. To embed the properties of IrisCode, such as high speed matching, in Competitive Code, a novel coding scheme and a bitwise angular distance are proposed. Experimental results demonstrate that Competitive Code is much more effective than other palmprint algorithms.1In this thesis, IrisCode interchangeably refers to the method and features of iris recognition developed by Daugman.
机译：准确可靠的安全系统的开发引起了广泛的关注，在这种情况下，生物识别被视为一种高效的自动身份识别自动机制。在生物识别技术中，Daugman在1993年开发的1IrisCode被认为是一种高度准确的方法，能够支持大型数据库的实时个人识别。自1993年以来，在IrisCode的顶部，已提出了用于虹膜和指纹识别的不同编码方法。在这项研究中，我对IrisCode进行了扩展和概括，以用于实时安全掌纹识别。尽管已经基于IrisCode开发了许多用于虹膜和掌纹识别的编码方法，但我们缺乏对IrisCode的详细分析。这项研究的目的之一是提供这种分析，以更好地理解IrisCode，将粗略的相位表示扩展为精确的相位表示，并揭示IrisCode与其他编码方法之间的关系。该分析表明，IrisCode是具有四个原型的聚类过程，Gabor函数的轨迹是相对于相位参数的二维椭圆，按位汉明距离可以视为按位角距。在此分析中，我还指出，IrisCode冒名顶替二项式分布的理论证据是不完整的。我使用这种分析方法来开发精确的相位表示形式，可以提高虹膜识别的准确性，并关联IrisCode和其他编码方法。通过使用该分析，主成分分析和模拟退火，寻求用于掌纹识别的近乎最佳的滤波器。就d'指数而言，近乎最佳的过滤器的性能优于竞争代码。具有基于遗传学关系最紧密的同卵双生子在生物特征学上具有最大的相似性。对于某些自动生物识别系统，对同卵双胞胎进行分类是一个具有挑战性的问题。掌纹已被研究用于个人识别多年。但是，尚未研究遗传上相同的掌纹。我系统地检查了基因相同的掌纹上的竞争法规，以进行自动个人识别并发现与基因相关的掌纹特征。实验结果表明，这三个主线和弱线的某些部分是遗传相关的特征，但我们的手掌仍然具有丰富的遗传无关的特征来对同卵双胞胎进行分类。由于生物识别系统易受重放，数据库和暴力攻击的威胁，因此这种潜力在将攻击大规模部署到安全系统之前，必须对其进行分析。我提出了一种投影多项式分布，用于研究成功使用暴力攻击闯入基于竞争代码的掌纹系统的可能性。所提出的模型表明，使用蛮力攻击闯入掌纹系统在计算上是不可行的。除了暴力攻击之外，我还要解决其他三个安全问题：模板重新发布（也称为可取消生物识别），重播攻击和数据库攻击。随机方向滤波器组（ROFB）用于为模板重新发布生成可取消的竞争代码。秘密消息被隐藏在模板中，以防止重放和数据库攻击。该技术可以被视为模板水印。我进行了一系列分析，以评估这些措施的安全性。我于2002年开发的第一种掌纹识别编码方法PalmCode直接应用IrisCode提取掌纹的相位信息作为特征。但是，我观察到来自不同手掌的PalmCodes相似，具有许多45度条纹。不同手掌的PalmCodes中的这种结构相似性将降低PalmCodes的个性和掌纹识别系统的性能。为了减少PalmCodes之间的相关性，在本文中，我采用了多个具有不同方向的椭圆Gabor滤波器来计算不同的PalmCodes，并将它们合并以生成一个称为融合代码的功能。实验结果表明，Fusion Code的性能优于PalmCode。根据Fusion Code的结果，我进一步确定掌纹的方向字段是强大的功能。因此，开发了竞争代码，该竞争代码使用六个Gabor滤波器的实部来估计方向场。为了在竞争代码中嵌入IrisCode的属性（例如高速匹配），提出了一种新颖的编码方案和逐位角距离。实验结果表明，竞争代码比其他掌纹算法更有效。1本文中，虹膜代码是指道格曼开发的虹膜识别方法和特征。

著录项

  • 作者

    Kong, Adams Wai Kin.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Waterloo (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Waterloo (Canada).;
  • 学科 Computer Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 133 p.
  • 总页数 133
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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