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首页> 外文学位 >Factors influencing the infection of cultivated grape (Vitis spp. section Euvitis) shoot tissue by Guignardia bidwellii (Ellis) Viala & Ravaz.
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Factors influencing the infection of cultivated grape (Vitis spp. section Euvitis) shoot tissue by Guignardia bidwellii (Ellis) Viala & Ravaz.

机译：影响Guignardia bidwellii（Ellis）Viala＆Ravaz对栽培葡萄（葡萄属葡萄膜炎）枝条组织感染的因素。

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摘要

Guignardia bidwellii (Ellis) Viala & Ravaz (anamorph Phyllosticta ampelicida (Englem.) van der Aa) is the cause of black rot of grape, a destructive disease that has caused significant losses to grape (Vitis spp.) production, in the northeastern United States on the subgenus Euvitis (Vitis vinifera L., V. labrusca L. and Vitis interspecific hybrids).;The effects of temperature and surface wetness duration on the development of black rot of grape shoots by G. bidwellii conidiospores was evaluated on three cultivars, ‘Niagara’ (V. labrusca ), ‘Chardonnay’ (V. vinifera) and ‘Aurore’ (V. labrusca x V. vinifera). Plants were inoculated at combinations of seven temperature levels (12°C to 30°C in 3°C intervals) and six shoot wetness durations (10 to 30 hours in 5 hour intervals) and evaluated for black rot shoot symptom incidence, DS, and PD. Symptoms did not develop at 12 and 30°C at wetness durations less than 15 hours. All other temperature treatments promoted disease development on shoot tissue with wetness durations ≥10 hours. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analyses were used to determine linear, quadratic, or cubic functional relationships between temperature and shoot wetness duration and disease severity (%) and pycnidium density (pycnidia/cm2). Significant terms were incorporated into a regression model to describe the relationship.;Square root transformed DS was significantly (p<0.0001) influenced by wetness duration, temperature and the interaction term. The adjusted coefficients of determination (R2) for the polynomial regressions were all low (0.173).;Square root transformed pycnidium density was significantly (p<0.05) influenced by cultivar, temperature, and the temperature with wetness interaction. Each cultivar was examined separately due to the significant cultivar response. The response of ‘Aurore’ and ‘Chardonnay’ was significantly influenced by temperature. At 24°C significantly more pycnidia were produced than at any other temperature. Wetness duration was significant for ‘Niagara’, 20 hours of wetness produced a significantly greater number of pycnidia than any other wetness period.;Consistent development of black rot shoot symptoms by artificial methods has been difficult. A small humidity chamber was developed that promoted shoot infection and symptom development. Application of conidia at concentrations of 1x104 and 1x105 spores/ml promoted significantly (p<0.05) greater disease severity. Pycnidium production was significantly higher at an inoculum concentration of 1x105 spores/ml on Vitis shoots, regression analysis of the instantaneous growth rate calculated from daily internode measurements (GRI) immediately after inoculation was significant (p=0.0350, R2=0.026) for the square root (SQRT) of pycnidia density (PD-- pycnidia/cm 2) but not for symptom severity (DS) in the absence of the concentration terms in the analysis.;A refinement of the infection requirements was conducted on V. vinifera cv. ‘Chardonnay’ grapes, a minimum of 7.5 hours of shoot wetness at 21°C was suitable for infection. Disease severity and pycnidium density increased as leaf wetness increased at a given temperature.;DS and PD were both significantly (p<0.0001) influenced by temperature, wetness duration, the average growth rate immediately after inoculation (GRA 2) and the wetness-temperature interaction. The growth four to five days after inoculation (GRA5) also significantly influenced shoot DS (p=0.003) and PD (p=0.0005).;Two experiments looked at the susceptibility of V. labrusca, V. vinifera, interspecific hybrids, and V. riparia cultivars. Eighteen cultivars were screened for DS and PD from shoot infections by conidia. Cultivar significantly influenced DS and PD (p=0.0001). Individual runs differed in the order of the cultivars, but generally the V. vinifera cultivars, ‘Riesling’, ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’, and Chardonnay’, V. labrusca ‘Niagara’, and the interspecific hybrid ‘Aurore’ were significantly higher in disease severity than the other cultivars (p<0.05). Pycnidium density (PD) was generally highest among the V. vinifera cultivars, the V. labrusca cultivar ‘Niagara’ and the American hybrid cultivar ‘Cayuga White’. V. labrusca cultivar ‘Concord, recognized as susceptible to black rot leaf and fruit infections, was not among the most susceptible cultivars for shoot infections.;The influence of post infection relative humidity level (RH) on the development of shoot symptoms after inoculation and subsequent drying of foliage with G. bidwellii conidia was investigated. There was a significant effect of relative humidity treatment for PD (p=0.038) but not for DS (p=0.3840). PD was significantly greater when RH=86.1±3.7% (High), as opposed to RH=36.7±12.3% (Low) for the first five days after inoculation, RH conditions five days after inoculation had no effect on PD. This study is the first investigation into the conditions that can influence black rot symptom severity and pycnidium development on grape shoots. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
机译：Guignardia bidwellii（Ellis）Viala＆Ravaz（无性Phyllosticta ampelicida（Englem。）van der Aa）是葡萄黑腐病的病因，这是一种破坏性疾病，已经造成美国东北部葡萄（Vitis spp。）的生产遭受重大损失。葡萄膜炎亚种的状态（葡萄，葡萄和种间杂种）；在三个品种上评估了温度和表面湿润持续时间对比德氏锥孢子孢子孢子形成葡萄黑芽的影响，“尼亚加拉”（V. labrusca），“霞多丽”（V. vinifera）和“ Aurore”（V。labrusca x V. vinifera）。以七个温度水平（以3°C为间隔，从12°C到30°C）和六个芽湿持续时间（以5小时为间隔，从10到30小时）组合接种植物，并评估黑腐芽症状的发生率，DS和PD。在潮湿时间少于15小时的情况下，在12和30°C下未出现症状。所有其他温度处理均能促进持续时间≥10小时的嫩芽组织上的疾病发展。使用方差分析（ANOVA）和回归分析来确定温度和枝条湿润持续时间与病害严重程度（％）和梭菌密度（pycnidia / cm2）之间的线性，二次或立方函数关系。将重要术语合并到回归模型中以描述这种关系。平方根转化的DS受湿度持续时间，温度和相互作用项的影响显着（p <0.0001）。多项式回归的调整后的确定系数（R2）均很低（0.173）。品种，温度和温度与湿度的相互作用显着地影响了平方根转化的拟南芥密度（p <0.05）。由于显着的栽培品种反应，每个品种都被单独检查。温度对“ Aurore”和“ Chardonnay”的反应影响很大。在24°C下，比其他任何温度下产生的孢子虫明显多。 “尼加拉瓜”的湿润持续时间很长，湿润20小时比其他任何湿润时期产生的孢子虫数量要多得多。；用人工方法持续产生黑腐烂芽症状很困难。一个小的湿度箱被开发出来，促进了芽的感染和症状的发展。以1x104和1x105孢子/ ml的浓度使用分生孢子可显着提高（p <0.05）疾病严重程度。葡萄芽上接种物浓度为1x105孢子/ ml时，比邻孢子的产量显着更高，接种后立即通过每日节间测量（GRI）计算的瞬时增长率的回归分析显着（p = 0.0350，R2 = 0.026）在分析中没有浓度项的情况下，可以检测到比对密度（PD-- pycnidia / cm 2）的根（SQRT），但不适用于症状严重程度（DS）.;对V. vinifera cv进行了感染要求的改进。 “霞多丽”葡萄在21°C时至少有7.5个小时的嫩芽湿润适合感染。在给定温度下，随着叶片湿度的增加，病害的严重程度和粘虫的密度也随之增加。； DS和PD均受温度，湿度持续时间，接种后立即平均生长速率（GRA 2）和湿度-温度的显着影响（p <0.0001）。相互作用。接种后4至5天（GRA5）的生长也显着影响枝条DS（p = 0.003）和PD（p = 0.0005）。;两个实验研究了唇形肠球菌，三角葡萄，种间杂种和V riparia品种。从分生孢子感染的芽苗中筛选出18个品种的DS和PD。品种显着影响DS和PD（p = 0.0001）。单个轮次按品种顺序不同，但一般而言，V。vinifera品种，'Riesling'，'Cabernet Sauvignon'和Chardonnay'，V。labrusca'Niagara'和种间杂种'Aurore'的病害明显更高严重程度高于其他品种（p <0.05）。在葡萄，V。labrusca品种“ Niagara”和美国杂交品种“ Cayuga White”中，腐霉菌密度（PD）通常最高。 V. labrusca品种'Concord，被认为对黑腐烂的叶片和果实感染很敏感，不是最容易发生枝条感染的品种之一；感染后相对湿度水平（RH）对接种和接种后枝条症状的发展的影响随后研究了用G. bidwellii分生孢子进行的叶子干燥。相对湿度处理对PD有显着影响（p = 0.038），而对DS则没有（p = 0.3840）。当RH = 86.1±3.7％（高）时，PD显着增加，接种后头五天的RH = 36.7±12.3％（低），而接种后五天的RH条件对PD无影响。这项研究是首次调查可影响葡萄苗黑腐病症状严重程度和伪孢子虫发育的条件。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）。

著录项

  • 作者

    Northover, Philip Robert.;

  • 作者单位

    The Pennsylvania State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Pennsylvania State University.;
  • 学科 Biology Botany.;Agriculture Horticulture.;Agriculture Plant Pathology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 288 p.
  • 总页数 288
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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