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Forest recovery and just sustainability in the Florianopolis city-region.

机译：弗洛里亚诺波利斯市区的森林恢复和可持续发展。

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This dissertation examines human-environment interactions in the Florianopolis city-region, Santa Catarina State, Brazil from a just sustainability perspective. I construct an in-depth historical narrative of social and landscape transformations and offer an account of the diverse origins of this expanding metropolis. This historical narrative provides the context for understanding contemporary demographic change, metropolitan land-use, forest-transition dynamics, sociospatial inequalities, legal-institutional reforms, and democratic practice. Employing a multiscalar methodological approach, I integrate documentary research, aerial photos, interviews, participant observation, and site visits. I analyze social and ecological data at nested spatial and organizational scales ranging from neighborhoods to national and global arenas. Results suggest that the Florianopolis city-region has experienced a forest transition from a period of net deforestation caused by extractive and agricultural activities to a period of net forest recovery. Forest recovery has resulted from tree planting with exotic species and the 'spontaneous' regeneration of secondary forests. Exotic tree monocultures have been planted since the 1960s. Much of the forest regeneration has occurred since the 1980s during a period characterized by decline in agricultural land use, real estate speculation, and the establishment of conservation units and other types of land-use restrictions. The environmental services and amenities associated with the protected-area network have contributed to the ongoing viability of local tourism development and rising real estate prices in well-located neighborhoods. Middle- and upper-income housing construction has accelerated since the 1990s, converting parcels to residential or commercial subdivisions in suburban and peri-urban landscapes. Low-income, self-provisioned, informal settlements have emerged and expanded on 'marginal,' 'peripheral,' and 'precarious' lands, often in locations legally defined as environmentally protected areas and that lack sanitation services. This process of urban dualization has resulted in socioenvironmental injustices by reinforcing and exacerbating differential access to life opportunities and environmental services as well as differential exposure to environmental hazards. I conclude with a discussion of land quality, uneven development, uneven valuation of ecosystems, participatory democracy, possible future scenarios, policy implications, unresolved issues, and suggestions for future research.
机译：本文从可持续性的角度研究了巴西圣卡塔琳娜州弗洛里亚诺波利斯市区的人与环境之间的相互作用。我构建了关于社会和景观转变的深入历史叙述，并介绍了这个不断发展的大都市的不同起源。这种历史叙述为理解当代人口变化，大都市土地利用，森林过渡动态，社会空间不平等，法律制度改革和民主实践提供了背景。我采用多尺度方法论方法，整合了文献研究，航拍照片，访谈，参与者观察和实地考察。我以嵌套的空间和组织规模分析社会和生态数据，范围从社区到国家和全球范围。结果表明，弗洛里亚诺波利斯市区经历了从采伐和农业活动引起的森林砍伐净期到森林净恢复期的森林过渡。森林恢复归因于外来树种的种植以及次生林的“自发”再生。自1960年代以来就开始种植异国树种。自1980年代以来，大部分森林更新发生在一个时期，其特征是农业用地减少，房地产投机，建立保护单位和其他类型的土地使用限制。与保护区网络相关的环境服务和便利设施促进了当地旅游业的持续生存能力以及地理位置优越的社区中房地产价格的上涨。自1990年代以来，中等收入和高收入住房建设得到了加速，将包裹转变为郊区和郊区景观中的住宅或商业细分。低收入，自给自足的非正式定居点已经出现并在“边缘”，“周边”和“ ious可危”的土地上扩大，这些土地通常在法律上定义为环境保护的地区，并且缺乏卫生服务。这种城市二元化进程通过加强和加剧获得生活机会和环境服务的不同途径以及对环境危害的不同暴露，导致了社会环境不公正。最后，我讨论了土地质量，发展不平衡，生态系统评估不平衡，参与性民主，未来可能出现的情况，政策影响，未解决的问题以及对未来研究的建议。

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