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Policy reforms, governance, and the provision of public goods and services in rural China.

机译：中国农村地区的政策改革，治理以及公共产品和服务的提供。

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摘要

This dissertation was motivated by the pervasive concern about the poor living conditions in many rural areas in developing countries. China is no exception. Although China has made some progress in improving its rural infrastructure, the infrastructure is still far from what it needs to be to support a vibrant, growing economy.;The overall goal of this dissertation is to understand what is happening in public goods investment in rural China; identify the factors that assist or constrain local communities and the government in their efforts to improve rural life; and evaluate their impact on villagers. The ultimate goal is to understand if good policies and designs can achieve a greater volume of higher quality infrastructure---even in the poorest of China's villages.;In the first essay---of four---I use data from 2,459 villages and find that the government has begun to invest more into China's rural communities. In addition, gradually, a larger share of the investments is going into public goods in communities that are poor, remote, mountainous, small and ethnically diverse. Although richer communities are still receiving absolutely more public goods investment, the government is funding by targeted grants more projects in poorer communities.;In the second essay I document the quality of infrastructure projects in China's villages and measure whether or not quality has suffered as investment effort has risen. Using data from a subset of the 2,459 villages, after developing several unique measures of quality and farmer satisfaction, I find that in recent years both the quantity and the quality of infrastructure have increased and show that across space and over time quantity and quality are positively correlated. Hence, during the expansion of China's infrastructure, quality is not being compromised.;In the third essay I seek to explain the observed differences in the quality of infrastructure by focusing on the role of project design attributes and village governance. Based on the same data as used in essay two, I have found that within-village quality differences are small and project design attributes have little explanatory power. In contrast, between-village variations account for much more of the quality variability. After demonstrating that village governance is important in explaining infrastructure quality, I conclude that it is difficult to make good projects work in bad villages.;In the last essay, using data from poor areas of northwestern China, I evaluate the impact of primary school mergers on the academic performance of 2,446 primary students. I use difference-in-differences and propensity score matching approaches and demonstrate that overall the primary school merger has not harmed the academic performance of students, as some have claimed. I do find, however, that the timing of mergers matter; when students are older (e.g., the fourth grade) their grades rise after merging. The grades of younger students, however, fall.
机译：这篇论文的动机是对发展中国家许多农村地区生活条件恶劣的普遍关注。中国也不例外。尽管中国在改善农村基础设施方面取得了一些进展，但基础设施仍远远不足以支持蓬勃发展的经济。本论文的总体目标是了解农村公共产品投资的现状中国;确定有助于或限制当地社区和政府改善农村生活的因素；并评估它们对村民的影响。最终目标是了解良好的政策和设计是否可以实现更大数量的更高质量的基础设施，即使在中国最贫困的村庄也是如此。在第一篇论文（共四篇）中，我使用了2459个村庄的数据并且发现政府已经开始对中国的农村社区进行更多的投资。此外，渐渐地，越来越多的投资流向贫困，偏远，山区，小社区和不同种族的社区的公共产品。尽管较富裕的社区仍在绝对接受更多的公共产品投资，但政府通过有针对性的赠款资助了较贫困社区的更多项目。在第二篇文章中，我记录了中国农村基础设施项目的质量，并衡量了质量是否因投资而受到损害努力已经增加。通过使用来自2459个村庄的子集的数据，在制定了一些独特的质量和农民满意度衡量标准之后，我发现近年来基础设施的数量和质量都在增加，并且表明随着时间的流逝，数量和质量在一定程度上是积极的相关的。因此，在中国基础设施的扩展过程中，质量不会受到损害。在第三篇文章中，我试图通过关注项目设计属性和村庄治理的作用来解释观察到的基础设施质量的差异。基于与第二篇文章相同的数据，我发现村庄内部的质量差异很小，项目设计属性的解释力很小。相反，村庄之间的差异占质量差异的更多。在论证了乡村治理对于解释基础设施质量很重要之后，我得出结论，要使良好的项目在贫困的乡村中运作是困难的。；在上一篇文章中，使用来自中国西北贫困地区的数据，我评估了小学合并的影响2446名小学生的学习成绩。我使用了差异差异和倾向分数匹配的方法，并证明总体上小学合并并未像某些人所声称的那样损害学生的学习成绩。但是，我的确发现合并的时机很重要。如果学生年龄较大（例如，四年级），他们的成绩会在合并后提高。然而，年轻学生的成绩下降了。

著录项

  • 作者

    Liu, Chengfang.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Davis.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Davis.;
  • 学科 Economics Agricultural.;Political Science General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 224 p.
  • 总页数 224
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 农业经济;政治理论;
  • 关键词

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