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首页> 外文学位 >Drivers performance in response to sight-limited and multi-threat crash scenarios at mid-block crosswalks: An evaluation of advance yield markings and sign prompts.
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Drivers performance in response to sight-limited and multi-threat crash scenarios at mid-block crosswalks: An evaluation of advance yield markings and sign prompts.

机译：驾驶员对中段人行横道视线受限和多威胁事故场景的反应：对提前屈服标记和标志提示的评估。

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摘要

Mid-block crosswalks present a challenging detection task when drivers are not familiar with the area, crosswalks are at locations with high traffic volume, or the visibility of the approaching crosswalk is obstructed. A major contributor to crashes at uncontrolled marked mid-block crosswalks on multilane roads is the presence of a motorist who is yielding to a pedestrian in the crosswalk, creating an additional threat from a motorist in the adjacent lane who may not see the pedestrian. Advance yield markings and sign prompts have been shown to be effective when there is no obstruction in either travel lane. The purpose of this research is to evaluate drivers' performance in response to multi-threat (obstruction in travel lane) and sight-limited (obstruction in parking lane) scenarios with and without advance yield markings and sign prompts. No direct evaluations of the effectiveness of this countermeasure in these scenarios have been undertaken. The methods used to evaluate drivers' performance include observations of drivers navigating virtual crosswalks on a driving simulator, field observations of drivers responding to staged pedestrian crossings, and observations of drivers in an actual vehicle on the open roadway navigating marked mid-block crosswalks. Dependent variables include yielding behavior and eye-fixations. It is hypothesized that at multi-threat and sight-limited scenarios drivers approaching a crosswalk are more likely to look for pedestrians, to yield and to yield sooner when advance yield markings and prompt sign are used than when the traditional markings are used. The extent of these benefits is highly dependent on visibility improvements at the site, providing real benefit only when sight distance is adequate. This comprehensive evaluation, limited to low speed approaches in an urban environment, provides data from sight-limited and multi-threat scenarios where the probability of seeing the pedestrian is low. This information can help traffic engineers make informed decisions when implementing pedestrian safety countermeasures. It also provides data from locations in the United States to add to the studies completed in Canada which served as the basis for inclusion of the advance yield markings and related sign as guidance in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices.
机译：当驾驶员不熟悉该区域，人行横道位于交通流量大的位置或正在接近的人行横道的可见性受到阻碍时，中块人行横道提出了具有挑战性的检测任务。在多车道道路上未控制的有标志的人行横道处撞车的主要原因是，一名驾车者屈服于人行横道上的行人，这对相邻车道中可能看不见行人的驾车者造成了另外的威胁。当任一行车道无障碍时，提前屈服标记和标志提示已被证明是有效的。这项研究的目的是评估驾驶员在有和没有提前屈服标记和标志提示的情况下，应对多威胁（行车道阻塞）和视线受限（停车道阻塞）情况的性能。在这些情况下，尚未对此措施的有效性进行直接评估。评估驾驶员性能的方法包括：观察驾驶员在驾驶模拟器上导航虚拟人行横道，对响应分段人行横道的驾驶员进行野外观察，以及在通行道路上导航标记的中间路段人行横道的实际车辆中观察驾驶员。因变量包括屈服行为和注视。假设在多威胁和视线受限的情况下，接近人行横道的驾驶员与使用传统标志相比，使用提前屈服标记和及时标志时，更有可能寻找行人，屈服并更快屈服。这些好处的程度在很大程度上取决于现场可见性的改善，只有在视距足够时才能提供真正的好处。这项全面的评估仅限于城市环境中的低速进近，可提供视线受限和多威胁场景的数据，这些场景中看到行人的可能性很低。这些信息可以帮助交通工程师在实施行人安全对策时做出明智的决定。它还提供了来自美国各地的数据，以补充在加拿大完成的研究，这些研究是在《统一交通控制设备手册》中纳入提前屈服标记和相关标志的基础。

著录项

  • 作者

    Garay-Vega, Lisandra.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Massachusetts Amherst.;

  • 授予单位 University of Massachusetts Amherst.;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.;Transportation.;Engineering Industrial.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2008
  • 页码 177 p.
  • 总页数 177
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 建筑科学;一般工业技术;综合运输;
  • 关键词

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