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Sacrifice and salvation: Twentieth-century Russian literature and Soviet ideology of the body.

机译：牺牲和拯救：20世纪的俄罗斯文学和苏联的身体意识形态。

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摘要

The present study examines representations of the body in Soviet-era Russian literature. It argues that two diametrically opposed approaches to the body are characteristic both of modern Russian culture in general and of Soviet literature in particular. On the one hand, the sacrificial approach to the body, which originates in the traditions of Orthodox Christianity, uses the suffering or dying body symbolically to give reality to a specific belief system in a manner such as has been described by Elaine Scarry. On the other hand, the Enlightenment attitude to human corporeality, which entered Russian culture in the eighteenth century as a part of the process of Westernization and modernization of Russia, proclaims the establishment of perfect bodily health in all citizens and the complete elimination of human bodily suffering to be one of the primary ethical goals of an ideally ordered human society, as well as being crucial, in a practical sense, to the optimal functioning of the state. Paradoxical though this is, both the symbolic use of bodily sacrificialism and an insistence on bodily health as a vital social goal are typical of official Soviet culture. As a result of the simultaneous presence of bodily sacrificialism and the ideal of bodily health in Soviet culture, both writers who support Soviet ideology and system and those who oppose it may engage with either of these approaches to the body. This dissertation deals with both official and unofficial writers, both those who extol bodily suffering and death, and those who denounce it. Each chapter addresses both the political and the ethical implications of the interaction between the body and ideology in a given set of literary texts. The study as a whole seeks to contribute to our understanding of the intersection between art, politics and ethics in Soviet culture, as well as illuminate a hitherto unexplored aspect of continuity between pre-revolutionary Russian culture and the literature of the Soviet era.
机译：本研究考察了苏联时期俄罗斯文学中的人体表征。它认为两种截然相反的方法是俄国现代文化的特征，尤其是苏联文学的特征。一方面，对身体的祭祀方法起源于东正教的传统，它以受苦或垂死的身体象征性地以某种方式将现实赋予特定的信仰体系，如伊莱恩·斯卡瑞（Elaine Scarry）所描述的那样。另一方面，作为人类西化和现代化进程的一部分，于18世纪进入俄罗斯文化的启蒙运动对人的身体的态度宣告在所有公民中建立完善的身体健康，并彻底消除人体遭受苦难是理想秩序的人类社会的主要道德目标之一，并且在实践上对国家的最佳运转至关重要。尽管这是自相矛盾的，但象征性地使用身体牺牲主义和坚持将身体健康作为重要的社会目标，都是苏联官方文化的典型特征。由于在苏联文化中同时存在身体牺牲主义和身体健康理想，支持苏联意识形态和制度的作家以及反对苏联意识形态和制度的作家都可能会采用这两种对人体的方法。这篇论文既涉及官方作家，也包括非官方作家，既夸奖身体的痛苦和死亡，也谴责这种行为。每章都论述了一组给定的文学文本中身体与意识形态之间相互作用的政治和伦理含义。整个研究旨在为我们对苏联文化中艺术，政治与伦理之间的交汇点的理解做出贡献，并阐明革命前的俄罗斯文化与苏联时代文学之间的一种迄今尚未探索的连续性。

著录项

  • 作者

    Popovic, Dunja.;

  • 作者单位

    Princeton University.;

  • 授予单位 Princeton University.;
  • 学科 Literature Slavic and East European.;History Russian and Soviet.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 185 p.
  • 总页数 185
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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