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首页> 外文学位 >Use of different sources and rates of foliar potassium with glyphosate to overcome environmental- and management-induced potassium deficiency in soybeans.
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Use of different sources and rates of foliar potassium with glyphosate to overcome environmental- and management-induced potassium deficiency in soybeans.

机译：使用不同来源和叶酸钾与草甘膦的比例来克服环境和管理引起的大豆缺钾。

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摘要

Some major reasons are the reduced amount of applied K fertilizer to soybean due to low commodity prices, the larger amount of K required by genetically modified crops, and the occurrence of periodic drought and soil compaction in the area. Postemergence application of foliar K fertilizer would have the potential advantage of increased flexibility for growers to respond to K deficiency that may occur during the growing season. In addition, increasing use of postemergence applications of glyphosate for weed control in glyphosate-tolerant soybeans provides the opportunity for applying foliar K fertilizer with glyphosate. Previous research examining the impacts of foliar K fertilization on soybean growth has generally observed inconsistent yield response to foliar application and concluded that the additional cost of the foliar application was not justified. However, few researchers have evaluated the interaction between foliar K fertilizers and glyphosate on soybean growth. The objectives of this research were to determine soybean response to several rates of different foliar K sources mixed with and without glyphosate under different types of soil, soil test K, soil water content, soil compaction and climatic conditions, and to evaluate use of the chlorophyll meter for quickly measuring plant K deficiency in the field. Soybean growth response was initially assessed in the greenhouse due to applications of five foliar K fertilizer sources (i.e., potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium carbonate, potassium thiosulfate, and vii potassium phosphate) at four applications rates (0, 2.2, 9.0, and 17.9 kg K ha -1) mixed with or without glyphosate. In addition, the effects of differences in soil water-filled pore space and soil bulk density on soybean response to foliar K fertilization were also determined in the greenhouse. Two field experiments in Northeastern and Southeastern Missouri were also conducted in 2004 and 2005 to study the effects on soybean growth of several foliar K fertilizer sources (0-0-62 (N-P2O5-K2 O), 3-18-18, 5-0-20 and 0-0-25 fertilizers) applied at the V4 stage of development at four rates (0, 2.2, 8.9, and 17.9 kg K ha-1) with or without glyphosate. Visual leaf injury in the field experiments due to foliar K application was less than 10% at 3 days after treatment (DAT) and all plants recovered to foliar treatments by 14 DAT. Soybean grain yield response to applications of foliar K fertilizers in the field experiments was inconsistent and generally not significant. For both years, the level of K content in soybean leaf and in soil was little or not significantly affected by the application of foliar K fertilizers. There was a trend of decreased Mn levels in soybean leaf tissue in the field experiments when glyphosate was foliar-applied along with K fertilizers. The level of other nutrients in soybean leaf tissue including phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, boron, zinc, sulfur, iron, and copper were also little affected. No correlation between SPAD chlorophyll meter readings and total K content in the plant was observed in the greenhouse. Therefore, further research is needed to better assess other soil characteristics and environmental conditions affecting soybean response to foliar K fertilization.;Abbreviations: days after treatment (DAT), diammonium sulfate (DAS), glyphosate-resistant (GR), non-ionic surfactant (NIS), percent water-filled pore space (WFPS).
机译：一些主要的原因是由于商品价格低廉，大豆施用的钾肥减少，转基因作物需要大量的钾肥，以及该地区发生周期性的干旱和土壤压实。出苗后施用叶面钾肥具有潜在的优势，可以提高种植者应对生长期可能发生的钾缺乏症的灵活性。另外，在草甘膦耐受性大豆中越来越多地使用草甘膦芽后施用来控制杂草，为将叶面钾肥与草甘膦一起施用提供了机会。先前研究叶面施肥对大豆生长的影响的研究通常观察到叶面施肥对产量的反应不一致，并得出结论认为叶面施肥的额外成本是不合理的。但是，很少有研究者评估叶面钾肥和草甘膦对大豆生长的相互作用。这项研究的目的是确定大豆在不同土壤类型，土壤试验钾，土壤含水量，土壤压实度和气候条件下对不同叶面钾源与草甘膦混合或不结合的反应，并评估叶绿素的使用。仪，用于在野外快速测量植物缺钾。最初在温室中对大豆的生长响应进行了评估，原因是在四种施用率（0、2.2、9.0和4.0）下施用了五种钾肥叶面肥（即氯化钾，硫酸钾，碳酸钾，硫代硫酸钾和磷酸钾）。 17.9 kg K ha -1 ）混合或不混合草甘膦。此外，还确定了温室中土壤充水孔隙空间和土壤容重的差异对大豆对叶面钾肥响应的影响。还分别于2004年和2005年在密苏里州东北部和东南部进行了两次田间试验，以研究几种叶面钾肥（0-0-62（NP 2 O 5 < / sub> -K 2 O），3-18-18、5-0-20和0-0-25肥料在V4发育阶段以四种速率（0、2.2， 8.9和17.9 kg K ha -1 ），无论是否含草甘膦。在田间实验中，由于施用叶面钾在处理后3天（DAT）造成的可见叶片损伤少于10％，并且所有植物均通过14 DAT恢复到叶面处理。在田间试验中，叶面喷施钾肥对大豆籽粒产量的反应前后不一致，一般不显着。两年中，叶面钾肥的施用对大豆叶片和土壤中钾含量的影响很小或没有显着影响。当草甘膦与钾肥一起叶面施用时，田间试验中大豆叶片组织中的锰含量有降低的趋势。大豆叶片组织中其他营养素的水平（包括磷，镁，钙，硼，锌，硫，铁和铜）也几乎没有受到影响。在温室中，未观察到SPAD叶绿素仪读数与植物中总K含量之间的相关性。因此，需要进一步研究以更好地评估影响大豆对叶面施肥的其他土壤特性和环境条件。缩写：处理后的天数（DAT），硫酸二铵（DAS），抗草甘膦（ GR），非离子表面活性剂（NIS），充满水的孔隙空间百分比（WFPS）。

著录项

  • 作者

    Phurahong, Sutham.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Missouri - Columbia.;

  • 授予单位 University of Missouri - Columbia.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Agronomy.;Agriculture Soil Science.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 86 p.
  • 总页数 86
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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