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Resistance Training and the Effect of Feeding Carbohydrates and Oils on Healthy Horses and Horses with Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy.

机译：对健康马匹和患有多糖贮积性肌病的马匹的抵抗力训练以及饲喂碳水化合物和油类的影响。

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摘要

Type 1 Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy (PSSM) is a heritable glycogen storage disease found in many breeds that is managed with low carbohydrate, high fat diet and regular exercise. The purpose of these studies was to better understand different modes of exercise and to further study dietary management of this disease. The central hypotheses of this thesis are: (1) Resistance training as provided by a water treadmill increases fitness parameters and metabolic properties of muscle tissue; (2) feeding forage with nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentration >11% increases blood insulin and glucose concentrations compared to lesser NSC; 3) feeding a short odd carbon chain fat reduces muscle damage with exercise in PSSM horses.;The first investigation examined the effect of resistance training via the use of a water treadmill. Healthy unfit horses performed a standardized exercise test on a conventional treadmill before and after training on an underwater treadmill for 4 weeks to measure relative fitness and the effect on muscle enzyme activities and metabolite and substrate concentrations found in gluteal and superficial digital flexor (SDF) tissue. No increase in fitness or difference in muscle enzyme activity, or concentrations of metabolite or substrates was detected with training. SDF had lower oxidative capacity and substrate concentrations when compared to gluteal tissue.;The second investigation examined the effect of feeding hay with differing amounts of carbohydrate to healthy Quarter Horses (QH) and QH with PSSM. Hay with high and low NSC concentrations was fed to randomly assigned horses over a period of 5 days. The diets were then reversed after a 7 day washout in which medium NSC hay was fed. The insulinemic response to the high NSC forage diet were higher compared to the low NSC diet for both the control and PSSM horses.;The third investigation studied the effect of feeding hay with differing amounts of carbohydrate to healthy QH and Thoroughbreds (TB). A baseline FSGIT was conducted on both groups, after which hay with different NSC concentrations was fed over a period of 5 days in a crossover block design similar to the previous study. FSGIT results showed that QHs were more insulin sensitive and had a faster rate of Sg (glucose mediated glucose disposal) than TB. QHs secreted more insulin in response to hay > 17% NSC than hays of lower NSC, and that QHs secreted more insulin than TBs in response to higher NSC hay meals. Of note, all QH were mares, all TB were geldings, so gender, along with breed differences, could be a factor in the results.;The fourth investigation examined the effect of feeding odd carbon (C7) short chain oil (triheptanoin) and other more conventional feeds to healthy and QH with PSSM with exercise. Both groups were fed isocaloric diets of triheptanoin (TH) and corn oil (CO) and exercised daily on a treadmill for 3 weeks, then performed a 15 min exercise test on the last day. These horses were also fed high carbohydrate and a commercial high fat diet. The high NSC and TH diets resulted in muscle damage with exercise indicated by plasma creatine kinase activity. The high NSC diet increased citrate and lactate concentrations compared to the other diets. The high fat and corn oil diets increased the amount of serum non-esterified fatty acids available. Long chain fat supplementation and consistent exercise remain the best choice for management of PSSM.;In conclusion, resistance training as provided by water treadmill use following manufacturer's protocol for tendon rehabilitation did not produce an increase in cardiocirculatory fitness. Feeding hay with NSC of 17% produced an increase in insulin secretion in normal horses compared with hay of lower NSC concentrations. There may be a difference in how TB and QH respond to a glucose challenge test, but the confounding factor of breed remains unexplored. Feeding an odd carbon short chain fat to type 1 PSSM horses increased muscle damage and exercise intolerance.
机译：1型多糖贮积性肌病（PSSM）是一种遗传性糖原贮积病，在许多品种中均发现，可通过低碳水化合物，高脂肪饮食和定期运动来控制。这些研究的目的是更好地了解不同的运动方式，并进一步研究该疾病的饮食管理。本论文的主要假设是：（1）水跑步机提供的阻力训练可增加健身参数和肌肉组织的代谢特性； （2）与较小的NSC相比，饲喂非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）浓度> 11％的草料会增加血液中的胰岛素和葡萄糖浓度； 3）喂养短的奇碳链脂肪可以减少PSSM马的运动对肌肉的损害。;第一项调查研究了通过使用水踏车进行阻力训练的效果。健康不健康的马在水下跑步机上训练前后，在常规跑步机上进行了标准的运动测试，为期4周，以测量相对适应度以及对臀肌和浅指屈肌（SDF）组织中发现的肌肉酶活性以及代谢产物和底物浓度的影响。训练后未发现健康增加或肌肉酶活性或代谢物或底物浓度增加。与臀肌组织相比，SDF的氧化能力和底物浓度更低。;第二项研究检查了向健康的四分马（QH）和QSM与PSSM饲喂不同碳水化合物的干草的效果。在5天内，将具有高和低NSC浓度的干草喂给随机分配的马匹。然后在喂入中等NSC干草的7天冲洗后，将饮食调换。对照和PSSM马对高NSC饲粮的胰岛素反应高于低NSC日粮。第三项研究研究了以不同碳水化合物摄入干草给健康QH和纯种（TB）的效果。两组均进行了基线FSGIT，然后采用类似于先前研究的交叉模块设计，在5天内喂食了不同NSC浓度的干草。 FSGIT结果显示，QH比TB对胰岛素的敏感性更高，并且Sg（葡萄糖介导的葡萄糖处置）的速度更快。 QHs对干草含量> 17％NSC的反应要比低NSC的干草分泌更多的胰岛素，而QHs对更高的NSC干草含量要比TBs分泌更多的胰岛素。值得注意的是，所有QH都是母马，所有TB都是gel毛，因此性别以及品种差异可能是导致结果的因素。第四项研究考察了饲喂奇碳（C7）短链油（triheptanoin）和其他更常规的健康饮食和PSSM运动锻炼。两组均接受三庚酸（TH）和玉米油（CO）的等热量饮食，每天在跑步机上运动3周，然后在最后一天进行15分钟的运动测试。这些马还喂了高碳水化合物和商业化的高脂饮食。高NSC和TH饮食会导致血浆肌酸激酶活性所指示的运动导致肌肉损伤。与其他饮食相比，高NSC饮食增加了柠檬酸盐和乳酸的浓度。高脂和玉米油饮食增加了可用的血清非酯化脂肪酸的量。长链脂肪补充和持续运动仍然是PSSM管理的最佳选择。总之，按照制造商的肌腱康复方案，由水踏车使用提供的阻力训练不会增加心血管系统的适应性。与低NSC浓度的干草相比，以NSC为17％的干草喂养正常马匹的胰岛素分泌增加。 TB和QH对葡萄糖激发试验的反应方式可能有所不同，但仍未探索品种的混杂因素。给1型PSSM马饲喂奇数碳短链脂肪会增加肌肉损伤和运动耐力。

著录项

  • 作者

    Borgia, Lisa Anne.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Minnesota.;

  • 授予单位 University of Minnesota.;
  • 学科 Biology Veterinary Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 238 p.
  • 总页数 238
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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