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首页> 外文学位 >Examining Life's Origins: History and Epistemic Principles in the Search for the Origins of Life.
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Examining Life's Origins: History and Epistemic Principles in the Search for the Origins of Life.

机译：检查生命的起源：寻找生命起源的历史和认识原则。

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摘要

My dissertation provides a novel philosophical and historical analysis of origins of life research, a scientific field that poses significant conceptual challenges to evolutionary theory, standard experimental methodology, and theory integration across disciplines. The origin of life is sometimes considered "the most fundamental problem in biology." Despite its theoretical significance, the field of study is fraught with fundamental disagreements over theories, methods and approaches.;The origin of life presents a boundary problem for central biological processes, including natural selection, which presupposes the existence of an enormously complex physical system of replication that must have been absent in the emergence of life. Without natural selection, other forces must have driven the origin of life, and I illustrate which alternative explanations are may be involved in explaining life's origin. Such explanations have sometimes been associated with critical receptions of standard neo-Darwinian theory, so far from being independent of evolutionary principles, they have been connected with evolutionary theory in complex ways.;I further investigate the heuristics used to evaluate the new discoveries in the origin of life. One of the most important such heuristics is continuity: an insistence that transformations in the path to life display no saltatory transitions. I use case studies to show how the principle of continuity is not used consistently across research groups in origin of life research, and how its invocation depends on background assumptions about the likelihood of success of alternative research programs. I conclude that the principle of continuity has been, in practice, either unhelpful or even positively harmful to research into life's origins.;The topic of the origin of life underwent a remarkable transformation in the 20th century, from a question disparaged as speculative metaphysics to a legitimate field of scientific inquiry. Central to this transition was the British polymath J.B.S. Haldane. Haldane brought the question of life's origin into mainstream scientific investigation with his 1929 hypothesis of life's emergence from the "hot dilute soup" of Earth's early environment. This theory arose in the context of a protracted debate on holism and mechanism. I show how that philosophical debate figured in Haldane's philosophy and science, and what intellectual and social forces were acting on Haldane's novel chemical-evolutionary proposal for life's genesis.
机译：我的论文为生命研究的起源提供了一种新颖的哲学和历史分析，这一科学领域对进化论，标准实验方法和跨学科的理论整合提出了重大的概念挑战。生命的起源有时被认为是“生物学中最基本的问题”。尽管具有理论上的意义，但研究领域仍然在理论，方法和方法上存在根本分歧。生命的起源为包括自然选择在内的中央生物过程提出了一个边界问题，其前提是存在一个极其复杂的物理系统。在生命的出现中一定没有的复制。没有自然选择，其他力量必定驱动了生命的起源，我将说明在解释生命起源时可能涉及哪些替代解释。这种解释有时与对标准新达尔文主义理论的批判性接受有关，到目前为止，它们不依赖于进化原理，而是以复杂的方式与进化论联系在一起。我进一步研究了用于评估新发现的启发式方法。生命的起源。最重要的启发式方法之一就是连续性：一种坚持，即通往生命之路的转变不会显示出任何平稳的转变。我使用案例研究来说明在生命研究的起源中各个研究小组之间如何不连续使用连续性原理，以及如何调用连续性原理取决于关于替代研究计划成功可能性的背景假设。我的结论是，在实践中，连续性原则对研究生命起源无益或什至是有害的;生命起源的话题在20世纪经历了一个显着的转变，从一个被视为投机形而上学的问题转变为科学探究的合法领域。这一转变的中心是英国博学界J.B.S.霍尔丹。霍尔丹（Haldane）于1929年提出了生命起源于地球早期环境的“热稀汤”的假说，将生命起源的问题纳入了主流科学研究。这种理论是在关于整体主义和机制的旷日持久的辩论中产生的。我将展示这种哲学辩论如何在霍尔丹的哲学和科学中体现出来，以及什么智力和社会力量正在对霍尔丹提出的有关生命起源的新颖化学进化论提议起作用。

著录项

  • 作者

    Martin, Eric Collin.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, San Diego.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, San Diego.;
  • 学科 Philosophy of Science.;History of Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 170 p.
  • 总页数 170
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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