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首页> 外文学位 >The prairie turnip paradox: Contributions of population dynamics, ethnobotany, and community ecology to understanding Pediomelum esculentum root harvest on the Great Plains.
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The prairie turnip paradox: Contributions of population dynamics, ethnobotany, and community ecology to understanding Pediomelum esculentum root harvest on the Great Plains.

机译：草原芜菁悖论：人口动态，民族植物学和社区生态学对理解大平原上食草Peedomelum esculentum的贡献。

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摘要

Pediomelum esculentum (Pursh) Rydberg (Fabaceae), an edible plant native to North American prairies, has a long history of wild harvest. Wild-harvested plants are increasingly of conservation concern, yet demographic data needed to assess the sustainability of harvest are unavailable for most species. Methods used by harvesters and responses to harvest are rarely incorporated into demographic studies. Several of the species' traits, including wide-ranging disperse populations, longevity, and cryptic life stages, make it difficult to accurately monitor population dynamics. However, because the species shares these traits with many wild-harvested species of conservation concern, P. esculentum makes a good test case for combining ethnobotanical information with ecological models.; Populations monitored in the absence of harvest are largely stable, with considerable variation in projected growth rates. Challenging life history traits, including the possibility of an entire season spent dormant, and small numbers of hard-to-find individuals in some life stages, add to uncertainty about the accuracy of population projections. Despite this uncertainty, matrix models provide more information about wild-harvested plants that could be of use to conservation practitioners than simpler census techniques could.; Harvest increases adult plant mortality, but P. esculentum harvesters paradoxically report that harvest helps populations. Experimental mimicry of traditional harvest led to a pronounced increase in seedling recruitment. Incorporating the observed increase in recruitment into models of harvest led to a nearly three-fold increase in the sustainable yield of roots harvested from the generalized population. This mode of compensation, in which the act of harvest, rather than the removal of competitors, leads to increased recruitment is newly named (harvest induced compensatory recruitment), but likely applies to many other species.; The disturbances caused by harvest of P. esculentum and Echinacea angustifolia roots lead to changes in prairie plant composition. Forb species diversity increases in harvested plots and grass cover dominance decreases. These subtle changes in plant community composition persist for over a year, even following a homogenizing mowing disturbance. This suggests that as traditional harvesters dug millions of roots from across the prairie, they were creating conditions that favored the category of plant they were harvesting.
机译：Pediomelum esculentum（Pursh）Rydberg（Fabaceae）是北美大草原上的一种可食用植物，野生采伐历史悠久。野生采伐的植物越来越受到保护的关注，但是大多数物种都没有评估采伐可持续性所需的人口统计数据。收割者使用的方法和对收割的反应很少纳入人口统计研究。该物种的几个特征，包括分布广泛的种群，寿命和隐秘的生命阶段，使得难以准确监测种群动态。但是，由于该物种与许多野生保护物种具有这些特征，因此，P。esculentum为将植物学信息与生态模型相结合提供了很好的测试案例。在没有收成的情况下监测的人口基本稳定，预计增长率存在很大差异。具有挑战性的生活史特征，包括整个季节可能都处于休眠状态，以及在某些生命阶段中少数难以找到的人，增加了人口预测准确性的不确定性。尽管存在这种不确定性，但是矩阵模型提供了有关野生采摘​​植物的更多信息，与简单的普查技术相比，这些信息可能对养护从业者有用。收成增加了成年植物的死亡率，但是P草收成者反常地报道收成对种群有帮助。对传统收成的实验模仿导致幼苗募集明显增加。将观察到的增加的采伐量纳入收成模型，可导致从普遍种群中获得的根的可持续产量增加近三倍。这种补偿方式是重新命名（收获引起的补偿性招聘），这种方式的收获方式是通过收获而不是淘汰竞争者，而不是消除竞争者，但很可能适用于许多其他物种。由番茄和紫锥菊根的收获引起的干扰导致草原植物组成的变化。在收获的土地上，福布斯物种的多样性增加，而草皮优势度下降。即使在均质的割草干扰之后，植物群落组成的这些细微变化仍持续了一年以上。这表明，随着传统收割机从整个草原上挖出数百万根，他们正在创造有利于所收割植物种类的条件。

著录项

  • 作者

    Castle, Lisa Marie.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Kansas.;

  • 授予单位 University of Kansas.;
  • 学科 Biology Botany.; Biology Ecology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 181 p.
  • 总页数 181
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 植物学;生态学（生物生态学）;
  • 关键词

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