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首页> 外文学位 >Influences of climate variability and landscape modifications on water dynamics, community structure, and amphipod populations in large prairie wetlands: Implications for waterbird conservation.
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Influences of climate variability and landscape modifications on water dynamics, community structure, and amphipod populations in large prairie wetlands: Implications for waterbird conservation.

机译：气候变化和景观改造对大草原湿地水动力学，群落结构和两栖动物种群的影响：对水鸟保护的意义。

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摘要

Northern prairie pothole wetlands provide crucial habitat for numerous waterbirds. However, wetland abundance and quality in the Prairie Pothole Region of North America has declined because of agricultural landscape modifications. Effective management of waterbird populations relies on understanding how landscape modifications alter wetland hydrology and biological communities in context of climate-driven wet-dry periods.;A common modification involves consolidation of smaller more-temporary wetlands into larger more-permanent ones. I evaluated whether consolidation drainage has progressive-chronic effects on hydrology of remaining wetlands during 2003--2010 in the Prairie Pothole Region of North Dakota. For wetlands in topographic basins that were not already full, rate of water surface area change was positively correlated with consolidation drainage during a wetting phase, but negatively correlated during a drying phase. This unbalancing of water budgets through wetting and drying phases suggests that 1) consolidation drainage has a progressive-chronic effect on wetland hydrology; and 2) wetlands receiving water in extensively drained landscapes will continue to increase in volume through each climate fluctuation until they reach their spilling point, then stabilize. Proportion of wetlands covered by cattail was negatively correlated with increases in water depth, thus cattail coverage may increase as water levels stabilize as a result of consolidation drainage. Fish were present in 57% of wetlands and probability of fish occurrence was greater in wetlands that had greater water depth and wetland connectivity. Weak evidence suggests amphipod densities decreased where there was extensive drainage and increased in more full basins, probably due to improved overwinter survival.;The alternative stable states hypothesis predicts clear versus turbid observable states that reflect differing trophic structures in wetlands. I conducted a landscape-scale evaluation of this hypothesis by examining the distribution of remotely-sensed chlorophyll a concentrations within 978 wetlands. My findings suggest that trophic structure in prairie wetlands is better understood within a continuum of trophic status rather than discrete states. My results provide an improved understanding of how land use and climate variability influence productivity in wetlands across the region and should help shape future research and conservation priorities focused on wetland services and waterbird populations.
机译：北部草原坑洼湿地为众多水鸟提供了重要的栖息地。然而，由于农业景观的改变，北美大草原坑洼地的湿地丰度和质量有所下降。对水鸟种群的有效管理取决于了解在气候驱动的湿旱时期，景观改造如何改变湿地水文学和生物群落。常见的改造涉及将较小的临时湿地合并为较大的永久性湿地。我评估了北达科他州草原坑洼地区在2003--2010年间固结排水是否对剩余湿地的水文有逐步的逐步影响。对于尚未充满的地形盆地中的湿地，在湿润阶段，水表面积变化率与固结排水呈正相关，而在干燥阶段则呈负相关。通过湿润和干燥阶段的水预算的这种不平衡表明，1）固结排水对湿地水文学具有逐步的逐步影响； （2）在每个排水区域，大量排水的湿地面积将继续增加，直到达到溢出点，然后趋于稳定。香蒲覆盖的湿地比例与水深增加呈负相关，因此，由于固结排水，随着水位稳定，香蒲覆盖率可能增加。在57％的湿地中有鱼类，在水深和湿地连通性较高的湿地中，鱼类出现的可能性更大。不足的证据表明，有大量排水的地方，两栖动物的密度降低了，而在更饱满的盆地中，两栖动物的密度增加了，这可能是由于越冬的存活率提高了。我通过检查978湿地中遥感叶绿素a浓度的分布，对该假设进行了景观尺度评估。我的发现表明，在连续的营养状态而不是离散状态下，更好地了解草原湿地的营养结构。我的结果使人们对土地利用和气候变化如何影响整个地区的湿地生产力有了更好的了解，并且应该有助于塑造针对湿地服务和水鸟种群的未来研究和保护重点。

著录项

  • 作者

    Wiltermuth, Mark Thomas.;

  • 作者单位

    North Dakota State University.;

  • 授予单位 North Dakota State University.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.;Environmental Sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 186 p.
  • 总页数 186
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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