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Kinetics and mechanisms of human adenovirus 2 inactivation with UV and chlorine.

机译：紫外线和氯灭活人类腺病毒2的动力学和机理。

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In the United States, the EPA issues rules for water treatment plants, listing the pathogens that must be inactivated to ensure the safety of the water supply. A wide range of treatment strategies are used by the numerous water utilities because the most efficient methods are not standardized and because the byproducts of free chlorine are under increasing scrutiny. The methodology of water treatment is further complicated by emerging threats to potable water. Of particular interest are adenoviruses, which are on the CCL2 issued by the EPA. Unfortunately, the recently-adopted method of irradiation by ultraviolet (UV) light is largely ineffective against adenoviruses. Research is therefore required to find whether any of the other commonly-used treatments, separately or together, can be effective against this threat. I therefore tested the efficacy of monochloramine for inactivating adenoviruses at numerous variations of pH and temperature. Relatedly, a biological investigation of the mechanisms of virus inactivation (by UV light and monochloramine) was undertaken. Subsequently, a test of sequential treatment of virions, first by UV light and then by monochloramine, was performed to discover a possible synergistic effect. Finally, an alternative sequential treatment, first by decreased free chlorine and then by monochloramine, was also tested for efficacy. Biologically, I found that both monochloramine and UV irradiation inhibit an early phase of virus replication, a step prior to the synthesis of E1A. My extensive characterization of the effects of pH and temperature show that monochloramine accomplishes less inactivation of adenoviruses in conditions of high pH and/or low temperature. My tests also show that sequential treatments of either UV light/monochloramine or reduced dosage of free chlorine/monochloramine show no synergy in inactivating adenoviruses. As a result of this work, it is clear that novel disinfection strategies are required to meet the challenge of adenovirus disinfection.
机译：在美国，EPA颁布了水处理厂规则，列出了必须灭活以确保供水安全的病原体。由于最有效的方法尚未标准化，并且由于游离氯的副产物受到越来越多的审查，因此许多水务公司使用了广泛的处理策略。对饮用水的新威胁使水处理方法更加复杂。特别令人感兴趣的是腺病毒，它在EPA发行的CCL2上。不幸的是，最近采用的紫外线（UV）照射方法对腺病毒无效。因此，需要进行研究以找出单独使用或共同使用的其他任何常用治疗方法是否都可以有效抵抗这种威胁。因此，我测试了在多种pH和温度变化下一氯胺灭活腺病毒的功效。相关地，进行了病毒灭活机理的生物学研究（通过紫外线和一氯胺）。随后，首先通过紫外光然后通过一氯胺对病毒粒子进行顺序处理测试，以发现可能的协同作用。最后，还测试了一种替代的顺序治疗方法，首先通过降低游离氯，然后通过一氯胺进行疗效。从生物学上讲，我发现一氯胺和紫外线辐射都可以抑制病毒复制的早期阶段，这是合成E1A之前的一个步骤。我对pH和温度影响的广泛表征表明，一氯胺在高pH和/或低温条件下对腺病毒的灭活作用较小。我的测试还显示，对紫外线/一氯胺或减少剂量的游离氯/一氯胺的顺序处理在灭活腺病毒中没有协同作用。作为这项工作的结果，很明显，需要新的消毒策略来应对腺病毒消毒的挑战。

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  • 作者

    Sirikanchana, Kwanrawee.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
  • 学科 Engineering Environmental.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 202 p.
  • 总页数 202
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 环境污染及其防治;
  • 关键词

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