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Azimuthal anisotropy of charged hadrons from AGS to RHIC.

机译：从AGS到RHIC的带电强子的方位各向异性。

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摘要

Azimuthal anisotropy, or collective flow, has been studied in heavy-ion collisions for two decades. It is one of the most important signals that gives insight into the early stages of the evolution of the matter created in such collisions. The E895 experiment at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS) and PHENIX experiment at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) explore different regions of the phase diagram of nuclear matter. Collective flow measurements from these two experiments are important in understanding the dynamics of the matter produced and constraining its equation of state.; Directed and elliptic flow of charged hadrons at beam energies of 2, 4, 6 and 8 GeV/nucleon have been measured using the cumulant method of flow analysis. The directed flow of pions is observed to change from positive to negative as a function of centrality. At RHIC, there is much evidence that a deconfined system of quarks and gluons, called the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), has been produced. The PHENIX Collaboration has collected data from Au+AU collisions at center-of-mass energies of 62.4, 130 and 200 GeV and Cu+Cu collisions at center-of-mass energies of 62.4 and 200 GeV. Elliptic flow has been studied in these systems as a function of transverse momentum, centrality, rapidity, beam energy and particle type. These measurements show that the magnitude of the elliptic flow is strikingly similar in the energy range 62.4--200 GeV, hinting at a softening of the equation of state of the matter at RHIC. An estimation of the speed of sound in the medium in the medium suggests a soft equation of state. The properties of the matter have been probed through the scaling characteristics of elliptic flow. Eccentricity scaling shows that the produced matter is highly thermalized. The elliptic flow of identified particles is found to scale with transverse kinetic energy up to ≈1 GeV, revealing the hydrodynamic nature of the expanding fluid. Constituent quark number scaling, predicted by recombination models, is observed to hold over the whole transverse kinetic energy range of the data, hence revealing the pertinence of partonic degrees of freedom in the development of flow.
机译：在重离子碰撞中已经研究了方位各向异性或集体流动，已有二十年了。这是最重要的信号之一，它可以洞察此类碰撞中产生的物质演化的早期阶段。交替梯度同步加速器（AGS）的E895实验和相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）的PHENIX实验探索了核物质相图的不同区域。这两个实验的集体流量测量对于理解所产生物质的动力学并限制其状态方程很重要。使用累积量流量分析法测量了束能量为2、4、6和8 GeV /核子的带电强子的定向和椭圆形流动。观察到介子的定向流量根据中心性从正向负变化。在RHIC，有许多证据表明已经制造了一种夸克和胶子的有限空间系统，称为Quark-Gluon等离子体（QGP）。 PHENIX协作从质量中心能量为62.4、130和200 GeV的Au + AU碰撞以及质量中心能量为62.4和200 GeV的Cu + Cu碰撞收集了数据。在这些系统中已经研究了椭圆流作为横向动量，中心度，速度，束能量和粒子类型的函数。这些测量结果表明，在62.4--200 GeV的能量范围内，椭圆流动的幅度惊人地相似，这暗示着RHIC处的物质状态方程变软了。对介质中介质中声速的估计表明了状态的软方程。物质的性质已通过椭圆流的结垢特性进行了探究。偏心缩放显示生产的物质高度热化。发现所识别的颗粒的椭圆形流与横向动能成比例地缩放，直到＆ap; 1 GeV，揭示了膨胀流体的流体动力学性质。观察到由重组模型预测的组成夸克数定标在数据的整个横向动能范围内保持不变，从而揭示了流动发展中部分自由度的相关性。

著录项

  • 作者

    Issah, Michael.;

  • 作者单位

    State University of New York at Stony Brook.;

  • 授予单位 State University of New York at Stony Brook.;
  • 学科 Physics Nuclear.; Chemistry Nuclear.; Physics Elementary Particles and High Energy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 161 p.
  • 总页数 161
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 原子核物理学、高能物理学;无机化学;高能物理学;
  • 关键词

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