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Development of an expansible taxonomy of software requirements nomenclature: Viewing the elicitation process as communicative discourse.

机译：开发软件需求术语的可扩展分类法：将启发过程视为交流性话语。

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This research was undertaken to achieve an understanding of the mental conceptualizations of systems analysts for requirements nomenclature (expressions) used in research and practice. New approaches for requirements elicitation are necessary due to ambiguous requirements cited as the cause for software failures. The primary objective of this research is to develop an expansible taxonomy of requirements nomenclature using personal conceptualizations of the meaning of requirements nomenclature as a guide in the development of a requirements taxonomy, which can be expanded as nomenclature and nature of a particular domain changes. The techniques used to gather data included a combination of questionnaire to obtain background information from participants, discourse analysis of an email list used by practitioners and literature to obtain requirements expressions, repertory grid to obtain mental conceptualizations of the requirements expressions and term sorting which revealed an overall conceptual understanding of the relational information about language in use during requirements elicitation.; It was postulated for this research that common nomenclature is used during requirements elicitation and specification discourse, but that the mental conceptualizations of nomenclature meaning, although similar among the participants, will differ in usage and reflect variations affected by education and work experience. These results, including noted differences, provided the guidelines for the development of an unnumbered, three-level taxonomy of common nomenclature.; The taxonomy developed into a hierarchical-faceted conceptual structure representing emergent themes discovered from the repertory grid content analysis. The emergent categorical themes (Level A labeled "Category") were developed during content analysis of each participant's constructs. The constructs represent the way in which the individual construes the expressions through the repertory grid process. Level B, which is labeled "Facets", represents the actual constructs given by the participants. The constructs, in turn, were elicited during the repertory grid interviews using the common requirements expressions used in discourse. These expressions represent Level C and are labeled "Basic-level expressions". Although relatively few Level-A categories emerged, it was found that the same basic-level expressions that comprise the every-day discourse were used in different categorical areas by the same individual as well as by different individuals. That is, for some individuals, an expression, such as "quality requirement" would be used in the context of testing and measurement, point-of-view or when defining user needs. This shows a subtlety of understanding by an individual, which could hinder the requirements development process.; With this knowledge and the use of a structured interviewing technique like repertory grid to develop a taxonomic conceptual aid that can be changed and expanded for the contextual needs of the work domain, the true conceptualizations of the stakeholders and systems analysts can be revealed to afford a deeper understanding of the domain language of the domain in which the systems development is taking place.
机译：进行这项研究是为了了解系统分析师对于研究和实践中使用的需求术语（表达）的心理概念。由于引述模棱两可的需求是导致软件故障的原因，因此有必要采用新的方法来引发需求。这项研究的主要目的是使用需求术语的含义的个人概念化来开发需求术语的可扩展分类法，以此作为需求分类法发展的指南，可以随着特定领域的术语和性质的变化而扩展。收集数据的技术包括问卷调查，从参与者那里获得背景信息，对从业者使用的电子邮件列表进行话语分析以及从文献中获取需求表达的文献分析，库网格以获取需求表达的心理概念以及术语分类等，这些内容揭示了对需求启发过程中所使用语言的关系信息的整体概念理解。对于本研究，假设在需求确定和规范讨论中使用了通用术语，但是术语含义的心理概念化虽然在参与者中相似，但是用法会有所不同，并反映出受教育和工作经验的影响。这些结果，包括指出的差异，为制定统一命名的无编号三级分类法提供了指导。分类法发展为代表从储备格网内容分析中发现的新兴主题的层次化概念结构。在对每个参与者的构造进行内容分析时，出现了新兴的分类主题（A级标记为“类别”）。构造表示个人通过储备格过程来解释表达式的方式。标记为“ Facets”的B级代表参与者给出的实际构造。反过来，使用话语中使用的通用需求表达式在话语存储网格访谈中得出这些构造。这些表达式表示级别C，并标记为“基本级别表达式”。尽管出现了相对较少的A级类别，但发现由同一个人以及不同个人在不同类别区域中使用了构成日常话语的相同基本层次表达。也就是说，对于某些人来说，诸如“质量要求”之类的表达将用于测试和测量，观点或定义用户需求时。这显示了个人的微妙理解，这可能会阻碍需求开发过程。掌握了这些知识，并使用了诸如库库之类的结构化访谈技术来开发分类概念帮助，可以根据工作领域的上下文需求对其进行更改和扩展，从而揭示出利益相关者和系统分析员的真实概念，从而为他们提供一个对正在进行系统开发的领域的领域语言的更深入了解。

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