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Productivity and environmental sustainability of grasslands receiving liquid hog manure.

机译：接受液态猪粪的草原的生产力和环境可持续性。

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摘要

A two-year (2004 to 2005) experiment was conducted to determine the effect of liquid hog manure as a fertilizer on grasslands composed primarily of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and quackgrass (Agropyron repens), its effect on forage yield and quality, as well as pasture and animal performance. Environmental sustainability in terms of nutrient removal and enteric methane (CH4) emissions were also examined. Forage production data was collected from replicated grass hayfields and pastures receiving no liquid hog manure or liquid hog manure as a single application (Full) of 155 kg ha1 of available nitrogen (N) in the spring or as a split application (Split) of 74 kg ha-1 of available N in both the spring and the autumn. Multiple 0.25m2 quadrats of standing forage were clipped in hayfields immediately prior to haying to determine DM yield and forage nutrient composition. Quadrat samples were collected in pastures every 28 days to determine DM yield, and hand-plucked forage samples were collected to determine nutrient composition of forage consumed by cattle. As well, pasture productivity, animal production, and enteric CH4 emissions data were collected. Enteric CH4 emissions were quantified using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique. Animal weight, blood samples and 24-h CH4 expiration were measured once in each of three 28-day periods. Nutrient balance of hayfields and pastures was determined by comparing nutrient removal in the form of animal gain or baled hay to nutrients applied in the form of liquid hog manure.;Nitrogen and phosphorus (P) removal efficiencies based on nutrients applied were up to 7- and 4-fold greater in the hayed system compared to the pastoral system, in which only 4.7% of applied N and 6.1% of the applied P were recovered. The low nutrient utilization efficiencies in each system indicate a need to monitor the rate or frequency of liquid hog manure application to reduce nutrient build-up in the grassland system.;Hog manure application on hayfields increased forage yield and nutrient profiles relative to hayfields receiving no fertility. Average standing forage biomass generated in Control, Split and Full hayfields were 3.7, 8.8 and 8.4 +/- 0.31 t ha-1, respectively (P=0.0001). Mean standing forage CP was lowest in unmanured standing forage (7.1 +/- 0.24% CP, P=0.0004), while Split and Full hayfields had CP concentrations of 9.4 and 10.5%, respectively. Neutral detergent fibre was higher in Split hayfields (61.9 +/- 1.05%, P=0.0545) than in Control or Full hayfields (57.1 and 58.9%) due to its advanced state of maturity at cutting. Gross energy was highest in manured hayfields (18.3, 18.6 and 18.5 +/- 0.06 kJ g -1 DM, in Control, Split and Full hayfields, respectively, P=0.0443). Application of hog manure increased nutrient profile of pasture forages relative to those receiving no fertility. Mean forage CP was more than doubled with manure application (P=0.0492). Steers grazing unmanured pastures had lower serum urea N (2.56 +/- 0.61 mmol L-1 P=0.0225) values compared to steers grazing manured pastures (Split = 6.06, Full = 6.09 mmol L-1). Animal DMI and enteric CH4 emissions (% GEI) were unaltered by the changes in forage quality as a result of manure application. The addition of hog manure increased pasture carrying capacity over the grazing season by more than three-fold compared to unmanured pastures, which averaged 101 grazing days ha-1 yr-1. Animal productivity increased from 104 kg gain ha-1 for unfertilized to 325 and 344 kg gain ha-1 for Split and Full pasture treatments, respectively (P=0.0019).
机译：进行了为期两年（2004年至2005年）的实验，以确定液态猪粪肥作为肥料对主要由肯塔基州蓝草（Poa pratensis）和魁北克草（Agropyron repens）组成的草地的影响，以及对草料产量和质量的影响，例如以及牧场和动物的表现。还研究了从营养去除和肠甲烷（CH4）排放方面的环境可持续性。春季从单次施用（满量）155千克ha1的可用氮（N）或分次施用（分份）的情况下，从没有饲喂液态猪粪或液态猪粪的重复草场和牧场中收集的草料生产数据春季和秋季，每公斤有效氮量为ha-1。在干草前立即将多个0.25平方米的直立草料夹在干草田中，​​以确定DM产量和草料营养成分。每隔28天在牧场中采集Quadrat样品以确定DM产量，并收集手工采摘的草料样品以确定牛食用的草料的营养成分。同样，还收集了牧场生产力，动物生产和肠道CH4排放数据。使用六氟化硫（SF6）示踪气体技术对CH4的肠内排放进行定量。在三个28天中的每个期间中，分别测量一次动物体重，血液样本和24小时CH4排放。通过比较以动物增肥或成捆干草的形式去除的养分与以液态猪粪形式施用的养分的养分平衡，来确定草场和牧场的养分平衡。基于施用的养分的氮和磷（P）去除效率最高为7-与牧草系统相比，在干草系统中的回收率高出4倍，在牧草系统中，仅回收了4.7％的施氮和6.1％的施磷。每个系统的养分利用率低，这表明需要监控猪肥液的施用速率或频率以减少草地系统中养分的积累;相对于没有饲草的干草田，在干草地上施用猪粪肥可以提高草料产量和养分状况生育能力。对照，分裂和全干草田中平均牧草生物量分别为3.7、8.8和8.4 +/- 0.31 t ha-1（P = 0.0001）。平均站立牧草CP值在未处理站立牧草中最低（7.1 +/- 0.24％CP，P = 0.0004），而分草场和全草场的CP浓度分别为9.4和10.5％。中性洗涤剂纤维在分裂干草田（61.9 +/- 1.05％，P = 0.0545）比对照或全干草田（57.1和58.9％）要高，这是由于其切割时的成熟状态。整备草场的总能量最高（分别为对照，分裂和全草场的18.3、18.6和18.5 +/- 0.06 kJ g -1 DM，P = 0.0443）。相对于不生育的猪，施用猪粪增加了牧草的营养成分。施用粪肥的平均牧草CP值增加了一倍以上（P = 0.0492）。与未放牧的牧场的牛相比，未放牧的牧场的serum牛血清氮含量较低（2.56 +/- 0.61 mmol L-1 P = 0.0225）（分裂= 6.06，Full = 6.09 mmol L-1）。由于施用粪肥，饲草质量的变化不会改变动物的DMI和肠CH4排放量（％GEI）。与未管理的牧草相比，添加猪粪使牧草在牧场放牧的能力增加了三倍以上，而无草牧场的平均放牧天数为ha-1 yr-1。动物生产力从未施肥的104公斤增重ha-1增加到分体和全牧场处理的325和344公斤增重ha-1（P = 0.0019）。

著录项

  • 作者

    Wilson, Colleen Heather.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Manitoba (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Manitoba (Canada).;
  • 学科 Agriculture Animal Culture and Nutrition.
  • 学位 M.Sc.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 151 p.
  • 总页数 151
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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