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Greehouse gas emissions from grassland pasture fertilized with liquid hog manure.

机译：液态猪粪肥从草地牧场肥料排放的温室气体。

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摘要

A study was conducted in 2004 and 2005 to determine the effect of liquid hog manure fertilization on greenhouse gas emissions from the surface of a grassland pasture in south-eastern Manitoba. The objectives of this research were to determine the effects of manure application, its timing and soil moisture on greenhouse gas emissions from pasture soil, cattle dung and urine patches. Nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were determined from grassland soil surface, and from cattle dung and artificial urine patches. Liquid hog manure treatments were no manure (Control); 153 kg ha-1 of available-nitrogen (N) (two year average) in spring (Spring); and 149 kg ha-1 as half-rate applications in fall and spring (Split). Four field experiments were conducted on grassland plots. The static-vented chamber technique was used to estimate gas emission rates. Two of the experiments focused on the effects of manure application timing and soil moisture on greenhouse gas emissions from the grassland soil surface. The other two experiments focused on the effects of manure application and soil moisture on greenhouse gas emissions from cattle dung and artificial urine patches. Fresh cattle dung was collected from steers grazing adjacent pastures receiving the same three manure treatments. Artificial cattle urine treatments were generated by converting blood urea concentrations of the steers into urine-N concentrations.;Manure application increased (P≤0.01) cumulative N2O emissions from the grassland soil surface with Control, Split and Spring treatments averaging 7, 43 and 120 mg N2O-N m-2, respectively. Of the two manure treatments, the Spring treatment emitted higher (P≤0.10) N2O emissions than the Split treatment. Soil moisture was a major factor influencing the quantity and type of greenhouse gas emissions, with saturated areas emitting CH4 during warm periods, whereas drier areas emitted N2O. Nitrous oxide emissions from these dry areas were higher in manure-treated plots. Spring application increased root density by 45% in the top 5 cm of soil compared to the Control. An increase in soil organic carbon with root density may offset any increase in greenhouse gas emissions caused by manure treatment.;Cattle dung from Split and Spring treatments had higher cumulative N 2O emissions (30 and 82 mg N2O-N m-2, respectively) compared to dung from Control pastures (6 mg N2O-N m-2) over two study years. Dung from the Spring treatment emitted more N2 O (P≤0.01) than the other two treatments. All cattle dung patches emitted CH4 after deposition though unaffected by manure treatment. Artificial urine having highest N concentration had greater (P≤0.05) cumulative N2O emissions (690 mg N2O-N m-2) than urine with the lowest N concentration (170 mg N2O-N m-2 ). Drier soil locations emitted more N2O from cattle dung and artificial urine patches than wetter areas.;This study demonstrated that Split application of liquid hog manure to grassland emitted less N2O than a complete application in spring. Moisture greatly affected the location of N2O and CH4 emissions. Drier areas emitted more N2O than wetter ones. Particularly, the findings indicate a need to assess grassland on periodically saturated soils as sources rather than sinks for CH4. Application of manure increased greenhouse gas emissions from cattle dung and urine patches with urine potentially having the greatest impact because of their higher emissions of N2O. An increase in root growth seems to offset greenhouse gas emissions from manure application.
机译：2004年和2005年进行了一项研究，以确定液态猪粪肥对马尼托巴省东南部草地牧场表面温室气体排放的影响。这项研究的目的是确定施肥，施肥的时间和土壤水分对牧场土壤，牛粪和尿片中温室气体排放的影响。从草原土壤表面，牛粪和人工尿片中确定了一氧化二氮（N2O），甲烷（CH4）和二氧化碳（CO2）的排放量。液体猪粪肥处理不使用粪肥（对照）；春季（春季）153 kg ha-1的可用氮（N）（平均两年）；秋季和春季（分割）以149 kg ha-1作为半量施用。在草地上进行了四个野外试验。静态通风室技术用于估算气体排放速率。其中两个实验着眼于施肥时间和土壤水分对草原土壤表面温室气体排放的影响。另外两个实验着眼于施肥和土壤水分对牛粪和人工尿片温室气体排放的影响。从接受相同三种肥料处理的邻近牧场放牧的ste牛中收集新鲜牛粪。通过将公牛的血液尿素浓度转换为尿液中的N浓度来进行人工牛尿处理。人工控制，分流和春季处理的平均N，O浓度分别为7、43和90，手动施用增加了（P≤<0.01）草地土壤累积的N2O排放量。分别为120 mg N2O-N m-2。在两种粪肥处理中，春季处理的氮氧化物排放量高于拆分处理（P≤0.10）。土壤水分是影响温室气体排放量和类型的主要因素，饱和区域在温暖时期排放CH4，而较干燥的区域排放N2O。这些干燥地区的氧化亚氮排放量在经过粪肥处理的地块中较高。与对照相比，春季施肥在表层5 cm的土壤根系密度增加了45％。随着根系密度的增加，土壤有机碳的增加可能会抵消因粪肥处理而导致的温室气体排放量的任何增加。分流和春季处理的牛粪具有较高的累积N 2O排放量（分别为30和82 mg N2O-N m-2）。在两个研究年中，与对照牧场的粪便（6 mg N2O-N m-2）相比春季处理的粪便比其他两种处理释放出更多的N2 O（P≤0.01）。尽管不受粪肥处理的影响，所有牛粪补丁在沉积后均排放CH4。具有最高N浓度的人工尿比具有最低N浓度的尿（170 mg N2O-N m-2）具有更大的（P≤0.05）累积N2O排放量（690 mg N2O-N m-2）。较干燥的土壤位置从牛粪和人工尿片中排放的N2O较潮湿区域要多。这项研究表明，在春季向草地上分施用液态猪粪肥比在春季完全排放的N2O少。水分极大地影响了N2O和CH4排放的位置。较干燥的区域排放的N2O比潮湿的区域要多。特别是，研究结果表明有必要评估周期性饱和土壤中的草场作为CH4的来源而不是汇。施用粪肥会增加牛粪和尿片中的温室气体排放量，而尿液由于其较高的N2O排放量而影响最大。根系生长的增加似乎抵消了施肥导致的温室气体排放。

著录项

  • 作者

    Tremorin, Denis G.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Manitoba (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Manitoba (Canada).;
  • 学科 Agriculture Soil Science.;Environmental Sciences.
  • 学位 M.Sc.
  • 年度 2009
  • 页码 144 p.
  • 总页数 144
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 土壤学;环境科学基础理论;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:38:30

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