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首页> 外文学位 >Cell biology and gene expression profiling during the early biotrophic invasion by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.
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Cell biology and gene expression profiling during the early biotrophic invasion by the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

机译：稻瘟病菌Magnaporthe oryzae在早期生物营养入侵期间的细胞生物学和基因表达谱分析。

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摘要

Rice blast is a major fungal disease on rice, caused by the hemibiotrophic filamentous ascomycete fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae. This disease accounts for 157 million tons of grain loss annually. The fungus produces a specialized cell called appressorium to penetrate the host surface barrier and enter inside. It produces intracellular Invasive Hyphae (IH) that grow form cell to cell to colonize the host. The mechanisms of appressorium formation and host penetration have been studied in detail but the host colonization strategies remain largely unknown. We applied live-cell imaging to characterize spatial and temporal development of IH and plant responses inside successively-invaded rice cells. Early loading experiments with the endocytotic tracker, FM4-64, showed dynamic plant membranes around IH. These hyphae showed remarkable plasticity and recruited plant cell components. IH exhibited pseudohyphal growth and were sealed in plant membrane, termed the Extra-Invasive Hyphal Membrane (EIHM). The fungus spent up to 12 hours in the first cell, often tightly packing it with IH. IH that moved into neighboring cells were biotrophic, although they were initially thinner and grew more rapidly. IH in neighboring cells were wrapped in EIHM with distinct membrane caps at the hyphal tips. Time-lapse imaging showed IH scanning plant cell walls before crossing them, and transmission electron microscopy showed crossing occurring at pit fields. This and additional evidence strongly suggest that IH co-opt plasmodesmata for cell-to-cell movement. Our studies have revealed insights into a novel hemibiotrophic strategy employed by the blast fungus. Few genes have been previously characterized that impact the biotrophic IH. To understand the molecular basis of the biotrophic infection strategy we employed Laser Microdissection (LM) technology to isolate and purify the IH at this early growth stage. We compared the gene expression of these samples with axenically-grown mycelium using M. oryzae whole genome microarrays. We identified several hundreds of infection specific genes. We have shown that LM technology can be used to isolate homogenous cells from the infected rice tissues to study the underlying molecular mechanisms of signaling during disease formation. These studies will be very critical to understand the host-pathogen interactions to eventually develop durable management strategies.
机译：稻瘟病是水稻上的一种主要真菌病，由半生养丝状子囊真菌米格霉（Magnaporthe oryzae）引起。该病每年造成1.57亿吨谷物损失。真菌会产生一个称为Appressorium的特殊细胞，以穿透宿主表面屏障并进入内部。它产生细胞内侵袭性菌丝（IH），这种侵袭性从一个细胞到另一个细胞在宿主之间定殖。已经详细研究了and的形成和宿主穿透的机制，但是宿主定植策略仍然很大程度上未知。我们应用活细胞成像来表征IH的时空发展和连续入侵的水稻细胞内部的植物反应。早期使用内吞跟踪器FM4-64进行的加载实验显示，IH周围存在动态的植物膜。这些菌丝显示出显着的可塑性并吸收了植物细胞成分。 IH表现出假菌丝生长并被密封在植物膜中，称为超侵入菌丝膜（EIHM）。真菌在第一个细胞中花费了长达12个小时，通常用IH紧密包装。移入邻近细胞的IH具有生物营养性，尽管它们最初更薄并且生长更快。将周围细胞中的IH包裹在EIHM中，在菌丝尖端有明显的膜盖。延时成像显示IH在穿过植物细胞壁之前对其进行了扫描，而透射电子显微镜显示了在田间场发生了交叉。该证据和其他证据强烈表明，IH共同选择了浆膜单胞菌进行细胞间移动。我们的研究揭示了对真菌感染新型半营养策略的见解。以前很少有基因能影响生物营养性IH。为了了解生物营养性感染策略的分子基础，我们采用了激光显微切割（LM）技术在此早期生长阶段分离和纯化IH。我们使用米曲霉全基因组微阵列将这些样品的基因表达与轴突生长的菌丝体进行了比较。我们鉴定了数百种感染特异性基因。我们已经表明，LM技术可用于从受感染的水稻组织中分离同质细胞，以研究疾病形成过程中信号传导的潜在分子机制。这些研究对于了解宿主与病原体的相互作用以最终制定持久的管理策略至关重要。

著录项

  • 作者

    Kankanala, Prasanna.;

  • 作者单位

    Kansas State University.$bDepartment of Plant Pathology.;

  • 授予单位 Kansas State University.$bDepartment of Plant Pathology.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Plant Pathology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 151 p.
  • 总页数 151
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 植物病理学;
  • 关键词

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