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Scene recognition: Testing the spatial updating hypothesis.

机译：场景识别：测试空间更新假设。

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摘要

The goal of the current studies is to investigate conditions in which locomotion about a scene automatically updates a person's representation of the scene to be spatially consistent with the person's perspective of the scene after moving. A review of the spatial updating literature revealed to us several possible factors that could contribute to observer movement leading to viewpoint independent recognition of scenes: range of angles between encoding and judging a scene, scene set size, and the length of retention between encoding and judging a scene. In Experiments la and 1b, participants memorized a scene (11-, and 10-objects) from a single perspective. Then, either the scene was rotated or the participants moved (0° to 360° in 40° and 36° increments) around the scene, and participants judged whether the inter-object distances had changed. Regardless of whether the scene was rotated or the observer moved, RT increased with greater angular distance between judged and encoded views. Then, in Experiment 2, we examined whether automatic spatial updating depends on the number of objects in a scene. Participants memorized 5- and 10-object scenes, then either the scene was rotated or the participants moved (0° to 180°) around the scene, and participants judged what object had moved. Regardless of the set size, RT increased with angular distance. Studies that found evidence of spatial updating have used short-term retention paradigms whereas in our previous studies we used a long-term retention paradigm. Thus, in Experiment 3 we examined short-term scene recognition with scenes of varying set sizes (4-, 6-, 8, and 10-objects). Participants briefly viewed (3 s) a scene on each trial and immediately either moved around the scene and made scene recognition judgments for observer movement trials or immediately made scene recognition judgments for scene movement trials. Regardless of set size, RT increased and accuracy decreased with increasing angular distance. Research suggests that a short delay (as brief as 10 s) between encoding a scene and moving might impair automatic spatial updating. Thus, in Experiment 4 we examined whether automatic spatial updating depends on scene retention duration by varying the time between encoding a scene and moving about a scene (0 s, 6 s, and 12 s). Regardless of the delay, accuracy decreased and RT increased with angular distance for both observer and scene movement. Research suggests that representations of scenes could be updated either offline, after a period of movement is completed utilizing enduring representation in long-term memory, or online by continually keep track of objects in the environment on a moment-to-moment basis. In Experiment 5 we compared offline and online spatial updating following movement around a 5-object scene. Scene recognition judgments showed viewpoint-dependent patterns for both groups, but the offline group performed significantly faster and more accurately than the online group, suggesting that reliance on egocentric representations when making scene recognition judgments does not always lead to enhanced recognition. Overall, our data show that observer movement does not automatically update representations of spatial layouts and raise important questions about the effects of duration limitations, encoding frames of reference, and encoding points of view on the automatic spatial updating of representations of scenes.
机译：当前研究的目标是研究在场景中移动围绕场景自动移动人的场景表示以使其与场景中的人的视角在空间上一致的条件。查阅空间更新文献后，我们发现了可能导致观察者移动从而导致视点独立识别场景的几种可能因素：编码和判断场景之间的角度范围，场景集大小以及编码和判断之间的保留长度一个场景。在实验1a和1b中，参与者从一个角度记住了一个场景（11个对象和10个对象）。然后，旋转场景或使参与者绕场景移动（以40°和36°的增量从0°到360°），然后参与者判断对象间的距离是否已改变。无论场景是旋转还是观察者移动，RT都会随着已判断视图和编码视图之间更大的角度距离而增加。然后，在实验2中，我们检查了自动空间更新是否取决于场景中对象的数量。参与者记忆了5个对象和10个对象的场景，然后旋转场景或参与者在场景周围移动（0°至180°），然后参与者判断移动了什么对象。无论设置大小如何，RT都会随角距离而增加。发现空间更新证据的研究使用了短期保留范例，而在我们之前的研究中，我们使用了长期保留范例。因此，在实验3中，我们检查了具有不同集合大小（4、6、8和10个对象）的场景的短期场景识别。参与者在每次试验中短暂地观察（3 s）一个场景，并立即在该场景中四处移动并为观察者移动试验做出场景识别判断，​​或者立即为场景移动试验做出场景识别判断。无论设置大小如何，RT都会随着角度距离的增加而提高，而精度也会降低。研究表明，对场景进行编码和移动之间的短暂延迟（短至10 s）可能会损害自动空间更新。因此，在实验4中，我们通过更改编码场景与围绕场景移动之间的时间（0 s，6 s和12 s）来检查自动空间更新是否取决于场景保留持续时间。无论延迟如何，观察者和场景移动的精度都会随着角度距离的增加而下降，RT也会随着角度距离的增加而增加。研究表明，场景的表示可以通过使用长期记忆中的持久表示完成离线一段时间后的离线更新，也可以通过在瞬间对环境中的对象进行连续跟踪来在线更新。在实验5中，我们比较了围绕5个对象的场景移动后的离线和在线空间更新。场景识别判断显示了两组视点相关的模式，但是离线群体的表现明显快于在线群体，并且更准确，这表明在进行场景识别判断时依赖以自我为中心的表示并不总是会导致识别能力的提高。总体而言，我们的数据表明，观察者的移动不会自动更新空间布局的表示形式，并且会引起有关持续时间限制，参考帧编码和场景视点的自动空间更新的编码点的影响的重要问题。

著录项

  • 作者

    Finlay, Cory A.;

  • 作者单位

    Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Newark.;

  • 授予单位 Rutgers The State University of New Jersey - Newark.;
  • 学科 Psychology Experimental.;Psychology Cognitive.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 98 p.
  • 总页数 98
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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