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A mechanistic examination of the metabolic regulation of insulin resistance, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis.

机译：机械检查胰岛素抵抗，肌肉减少症和骨质疏松症的代谢调节。

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摘要

Aging is associated with a number of physiological changes, including increased risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), decreased muscle mass and strength, and decreased bone mass and bone mineral density (BMD). The aim of the studies presented were to investigate (1) the kinetics of glucose-derived breath CO2 between drug naive impaired glucose tolerant (IGT) and normal glucose tolerant (NGT) individuals following an oral glucose load, (2) the effects of chronic oral supplementation of essential amino acids (EAA) on the acute muscle protein synthetic response to an oral bolus of EAA in older men and women, and (3) the effects of continuous and monthly cycled administration of testosterone on markers of bone metabolism in older men with low normal endogenous testosterone production.Study 1) During a 10-h oral glucose tolerance test, blood and breath samples were collected following ingestion of 75 g of glucose isotopically labeled with 150 mg of U-13C6-Glucose. Glucose-derived breath 13CO2 was lower in IGT as compared to NGT from 1 to 3.5 h post-glucose (P&le0.05). Glucose-derived breath CO2 kinetics measured during the immediate post-glucose ingestion period may assist in recognition of undiagnosed IGT in at-risk individuals during the pre-diabetes stage of T2DM.Study 2) Older men and women received daily between-meal supplements of either 7.5 g EAA (LO), 15 g EAA (HI), or placebo (PL) for three months. Chronic EAA supplementation increased net phenylalanine uptake in the leg of LO and HI (P0.05) without altering the magnitude of the acute FSR or total and phosphorylated Akt, mTOR, S6K1 or 4E-BP1 response. The magnitude of the anabolic response to an oral EAA ingestion in healthy older men and women remains intact after 3 months of EAA supplementation.Study 3) Older men received continuous weekly testosterone injections for 5 months (TE), monthly cycled testosterone treatment (MO) or weekly placebo (PL). Continuous weekly testosterone administration resulted in decreased serum n-telopeptide (NTX) and serum osteocalcin (OC) in TE. Continuous testosterone treatment results in a decrease in both bone resorption and bone formation in older men.
机译：衰老与许多生理变化有关，包括胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病（T2DM）的风险增加，肌肉质量和强度下降以及骨质量和骨矿物质密度（BMD）下降。提出研究的目的是研究（1）口服葡萄糖负荷后，初次使用药物的受损葡萄糖耐量（IGT）和正常葡萄糖耐量（NGT）个体之间的葡萄糖衍生的呼吸CO2动力学，（2）慢性的影响口服补充必需氨基酸（EAA）对老年男性和女性对EAA口服推注的急性肌肉蛋白合成反应的影响，以及（3）连续和每月循环施用睾丸激素对老年男性骨代谢指标的影响研究1）在10小时的口服葡萄糖耐量测试中，摄入75 mg同位素标记的葡萄糖（150 mg U-13C6-葡萄糖）后，采集了血液和呼吸样品。与NGT相比，葡萄糖后1至3.5小时，IGT中源自葡萄糖的呼吸13CO2降低（P＆le0.05）。在T2DM的糖尿病前期，在葡萄糖摄入后即刻摄入的葡萄糖衍生的呼吸CO2动力学可能有助于识别高危人群中未诊断的IGT。研究2）老年男性和女性每天接受以下饮食的补充： 7.5克EAA（LO），15克EAA（HI）或安慰剂（PL），持续三个月。长期补充EAA可以增加LO和HI腿的净苯丙氨酸摄入量（P <0.05），而不会改变急性FSR或总Akt，mTOR，S6K1或4E-BP1磷酸化反应的幅度。在健康的老年男性和女性补充了3个月的EAA后，口服EAA的合成代谢反应的程度仍然保持不变。研究3）老年男性每周接受连续5个月的睾丸激素注射（TE），每月一次循环睾丸激素治疗（MO）或每周安慰剂（PL）。每周连续施用睾丸激素导致TE中的血清正端肽（NTX）和血清骨钙素（OC）降低。持续的睾丸激素治疗会导致老年男性的骨吸收和骨形成减少。

著录项

  • 作者

    Dillon, Edgar Lichar.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Texas Medical Branch Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.;

  • 授予单位 The University of Texas Medical Branch Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.;
  • 学科 Biology Cell.Health Sciences Nutrition.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2007
  • 页码 120 p.
  • 总页数 120
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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