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首页> 外文学位 >Mitigation of microclimate variation through agroforestry: Protecting coffee agriculture from the impacts of climate change.
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Mitigation of microclimate variation through agroforestry: Protecting coffee agriculture from the impacts of climate change.

机译：通过农林业减轻小气候变化：保护咖啡农业免受气候变化的影响。

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Because crops have narrow climate thresholds for developmental success, an increasing occurrence of extreme climate events will affect farmers who depend on rainfed agriculture. Increasing patterns of agricultural intensification may lead to still greater vulnerability for farmers because more intensively managed systems may be less resilient to the impacts of climate extremes. Because of farmer vulnerability, the different responses of management intensities to climate extremes should be explored so that sustainable management strategies can be developed to protect farmers from increased climate variability. This thesis explores the potential of agroforestry systems to protect coffee agriculture from climate variability in Chiapas, Mexico.; A set of experiments were conducted from July 2004 to November 2005 in the Soconusco region of Chiapas in a high (60-80%), medium (30-65%), and low (10-30%) shade coffee system, where shade is an indicator of management intensity. These sites were chosen to explore the qualitative differences among management systems as they relate to climate. Microclimate variables and soil moisture were measured in these systems to examine the effect of shade cover on microhabitat modification. Evapotranspiration rates were measured to examine water loss as a function of shade cover. Additionally, flower and fruit development were assessed to examine the effects of microclimate and soil moisture on coffee production.; Microclimate measurements showed that fluctuations in ambient microclimate decreased significantly as shade cover increased, with similar patterns in soil moisture measurements. Coffee plant evapotranspiration rates were reduced at shade levels ≥30%, with significant effects of light and vapor pressure deficit. Shade cover also affected flowering and fruit set. Flower development was significantly enhanced in sites with ≥30% shade cover, where greater soil moisture measurements were found. Fruit development was also greatly controlled by microclimate because of soil moisture and wind measurements associated with greater shade cover. These results show that shade tree use in agroforestry systems can mitigate microclimate and soil moisture fluctuations in agricultural sites and in turn, affect flowering, fruit development, and ultimately, coffee yield. Thus, the implementation of agroforestry management systems can enhance coffee production and should be considered an adaptive farming strategy in areas with increasing climate variability.
机译：由于作物的生长成功门槛很窄，因此极端气候事件的发生越来越多，将影响依靠雨养农业的农民。农业集约化模式的增加可能会给农民带来更大的脆弱性，因为集约化管理的系统可能对极端气候的影响的适应力较弱。由于农民的脆弱性，应探索管理强度对极端气候的不同反应，以便制定可持续的管理策略来保护农民免受气候变化的影响。本文探讨了农林业系统在保护墨西哥恰帕斯州的咖啡农业免受气候变化影响方面的潜力。从2004年7月至2005年11月，在恰帕斯州Soconusco地区的高（60-80％），中（30-65％）和低（10-30％）浓咖啡系统中进行了一组实验，是管理强度的指标。选择这些地点是为了探索与气候相关的管理系统之间的质量差异。在这些系统中测量了微气候变量和土壤湿度，以检查遮荫对微生境改良的影响。测量蒸发蒸腾速率以检查失水量与阴凉度的关系。此外，评估了花朵和水果的发育情况，以检验微气候和土壤水分对咖啡生产的影响。小气候测量结果表明，随着树荫覆盖率的增加，周围小气候的波动显着减少，土壤水分测量的模式相似。在≥30％的阴影水平下，咖啡植物的蒸散速率降低了，对光和蒸气压的缺乏有显着影响。遮荫也影响开花和坐果。在遮荫度≥30％的地方，发现土壤湿度更高的地方，花的发育显着增强。由于土壤水分和风的测量与更大的遮荫性有关，水果的生长也受到微气候的控制。这些结果表明，在农林业系统中使用遮荫树可以减轻农业场所的小气候和土壤水分波动，进而影响开花，果实发育，并最终影响咖啡产量。因此，实施农林业管理系统可以提高咖啡产量，在气候多变的地区应被认为是一种适应性耕作策略。

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