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首页> 外文学位 >Propuesta metodologica para la cuantificacion de la ecoeficiencia de los productos industriales a partir de la evaluacion del valor funcional y de los impactos economico y ambiental.
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Propuesta metodologica para la cuantificacion de la ecoeficiencia de los productos industriales a partir de la evaluacion del valor funcional y de los impactos economico y ambiental.

机译：从功能价值以及对经济和环境影响的评估中量化工业产品生态效率的方法学建议。

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摘要

The concept of ecoefficiency, expressed as such, does not appear until 1990. Nevertheless, it can be considered as an evolution of the "pollution prevention" concept, arisen in 1975. They both represent the need of a competitive strategy, both at an environmental and an economic or financial level. Ecoefficiency refers to the generation of goods and services with the smallest environmental impact possible.;The term [ecoefficiency] was popularized by World Business Council on Sustainable Development, mainly as a conclusion of the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, 1992. Since then, many institutes and research groups have worked on this area, developing different models for introducing ecoefficiency in companys.;Different models proposed up to the moment are very useful when measuring ecoefficiency at a global level (of the society as a whole), or even Abstract at the level of industrial plants, for measuring ecoefficiency of productive processes. However, they are hardly applicable at product level, since it is a complicated task to assign an environmental impact quota that is assignable to a particular product, out of the total impact of the company. In addition, these models do not consider differences regarding specifications or functionality when comparing the ecoefficiency of two alternative products, nor the different value that they have for the consumer. That is why this research has been focused on developing a methodologic proposal that integrates economical, environmental and functional aspects in the determination of ecoefficiency. The result is a formula that obtains the most complete measurement of the concept.;Compared with other proposals, the main contribution of this methodology resides in its product-oriented approach, thus becoming a tool to aid the designer in the development of new products. Moreover, it takes into consideration the value of use in the ecoefficiency equation, in addition to those aspects related to cost and the environmental impact.;The proposed methodology has been validated applying it to two practical cases. Two products were chosen, pertaining to the two different product typologies that have represented the greatest environmental problem during the past few years: packing (and packaging products), and electrical and electronic products. In both cases, impact is due to high consumption and the problems that these products generate in their disposal stage. In the first case, two products have been compared, both of equivalent functionality and value, implying the numerator hardly being affected. In the second case, products with different value and utility have been compared, analyzing whether functional integration (one of the most promising strategies in ecodesign) improves ecoefficiency of these products.
机译：如此表示的生态效率概念直到1990年才出现。然而，它可以看作是1975年提出的“防止污染”概念的演变。它们都代表了在环境下竞争战略的需要。以及经济或金融水平。生态效率是指产生对环境的影响最小的商品和服务。[生态效率]一词在世界可持续发展工商理事会的推广，主要是因为在里约热内卢召开的联合国环境与发展会议的结论，1992年。从那时起，许多机构和研究小组就在这一领域开展工作，开发了不同的模型来引入公司的生态效率。到目前为止，提出的不同模型对于在全球范围内（从社会的角度来衡量）生态效率非常有用。整体），甚至在工业工厂一级进行摘要，以衡量生产过程的生态效率。但是，它们很难应用于产品级别，因为从公司的总体影响中分配可分配给特定产品的环境影响配额是一项复杂的任务。此外，这些模型在比较两种替代产品的生态效率时没有考虑规格或功能方面的差异，也没有考虑它们对消费者的不同价值。因此，本研究着重于提出一种方法建议，该建议将经济，环境和功能方面纳入生态效率的确定。结果是可以最完整地衡量该概念的公式。与其他建议相比，该方法的主要贡献在于其面向产品的方法，从而成为帮助设计师开发新产品的工具。此外，除了与成本和环境影响有关的方面之外，还考虑了生态效率方程中使用的价值。所提出的方法已在两个实际案例中得到了验证。选择了两种产品，它们与代表过去几年最大环境问题的两种不同产品类型有关：包装（和包装产品）以及电气和电子产品。在这两种情况下，影响都是由于高消耗量以及这些产品在其处置阶段产生的问题。在第一种情况下，已经对两种产品进行了比较，这两种产品具有同等的功能和价值，这意味着分子几乎不会受到影响。在第二种情况下，比较了具有不同价值和用途的产品，分析了功能集成（生态设计中最有前途的策略之一）是否提高了这些产品的生态效率。

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  • 作者

    Bastante Ceca, Maria Jose.;

  • 作者单位

    Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (Spain).;

  • 授予单位 Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (Spain).;
  • 学科 Engineering Industrial.;Environmental Sciences.
  • 学位 Dr.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 394 p.
  • 总页数 394
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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