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A place vulnerability analysis of changing flood risk in Grand Forks, North Dakota: 1990-2010

机译：北达科他州大福克斯市洪水风险变化的地方脆弱性分析：1990-2010年

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摘要

Floods are the most common natural hazard in the U.S.; each year they leave communities in destruction and despair. Despite the efforts of emergency managers, local government officials, and scientists, flood damages in the U.S. have increased significantly over the past 100 years. It is increasingly important to evaluate a community's risk and vulnerability to flooding in order to develop efficient emergency operation plans, and to improve upon flood management practices.;Communities in the Red River Valley of North Dakota have dealt with flood hazards for a very long time. In particular, Grand Forks, North Dakota, Fargo, North Dakota, Moorhead, Minnesota, and East Grand Forks, Minnesota have experienced extensive flooding for more than 100 years. The Grand Forks community experienced one of the worst floods in the Red River Valley in the spring of 1997. The purpose of this study is to evaluate flood risk and vulnerability at Grand Forks from 1990-2010 prior to and following completion of the $420 million levee system constructed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. This study identifies the extent to which flood risk has actually been reduced over time. A place vulnerability approach is used as the organizing framework to provide a quantitative spatial assessment of flood risk. To date, few research studies have examined place vulnerability for non-coastal communities and for flood hazard applications. Existing place vulnerability studies have also been static and not considered changes in vulnerability over time. This study aims to fill multiple gaps in the literature by providing a quantitative and dynamic analysis of flood hazard risk and vulnerability over time in a community that has experienced catastrophic loss to flooding in the past.;Results show that there has been an increase in place vulnerability of flood risk from 1990-2000 but a slight decrease from 2000-2010. This suggests that various structural and non-structural strategies have been helpful in reducing flood hazards. However, there continues to be residual risk, and areas throughout Grand Forks are still at risk from flooding. As Grand Forks increases in population in the coming years, various social factors could increase social vulnerability and place vulnerability.
机译：洪水是美国最常见的自然灾害；每年他们都使社区遭受破坏和绝望。尽管紧急管理人员，当地政府官员和科学家做出了努力，但在过去100年中，美国的洪灾损失显着增加。评估社区的洪水风险和脆弱性，以制定有效的紧急行动计划并改善洪水管理做法，变得越来越重要。；北达科他州红河谷的社区已经很长时间处理洪水灾害了。特别是，北达科他州大福克斯，法戈，北达科他州，明尼苏达州莫尔黑德和明尼苏达州东大福克斯经历了一百多年的洪灾。大福克斯社区经历了1997年春季红河谷最严重的洪灾之一。本研究的目的是评估4.2亿美元大堤建成前后1990年至2010年大福克斯的洪水风险和脆弱性。系统由美国陆军工程兵团建造。这项研究确定了随时间推移洪水风险实际降低的程度。场所脆弱性方法被用作组织框架，以提供洪水风险的定量空间评估。迄今为止，很少有研究研究针对非沿海社区和洪水灾害应用的场所脆弱性。现有的场所漏洞研究也一直是静态的，并未考虑漏洞随时间的变化。这项研究旨在通过对过去遭受洪水灾难性损失的社区随时间推移进行洪水危害风险和脆弱性的定量和动态分析来填补文献中的多个空白;结果表明，这种情况有所增加从1990年至2000年的洪水风险脆弱性，但从2000年至2010年略有下降。这表明，各种结构性和非结构性策略都有助于减少洪水灾害。但是，仍然存在残余风险，大福克斯地区仍然面临洪水泛滥的风险。随着未来几年大叉子的增加，各种社会因素可能会增加社会脆弱性和地方脆弱性。

著录项

  • 作者

    Wygant, Melissa Marianne.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of North Dakota.;

  • 授予单位 The University of North Dakota.;
  • 学科 Geography.;Hydrologic sciences.;Geographic information science and geodesy.;Environmental engineering.;Meteorology.
  • 学位 M.S.
  • 年度 2014
  • 页码 141 p.
  • 总页数 141
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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