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Trophic cascades: Linking ungulates to shrub-dependent birds and butterflies.

机译:营养级联:将有蹄类动物与依赖灌木的鸟类和蝴蝶联系起来。

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摘要

Top predators are known to regulate freshwater, marine, and terrestrial ecosystems. However, few studies have demonstrated trophic cascades in productive and biologically diverse terrestrial ecosystems. Elk Island National Park and surrounding protected areas have a wide range in the intensity of use by ungulates (IUU) (2.3 to 53.4 units/km2) due to the functional loss of top predators, management for high ungulate numbers and variable hunting pressure. To evaluate whether high IUU results in a trophic cascade, I examined vegetation characteristics and the abundance of shrub-dependent yellow warblers (Dendroica petechia) and Canadian tiger swallowtails (Papilio canadensis). Areas with high IUU resulted in loss of horizontal shrub cover that resulted in reductions of yellow warblers. Abundance of Canadian tiger swallowtail was related to reductions in larval host plant density, particularly chokecherry ( Prunus virginiana). This study provides evidence of a species-level trophic cascade, initiated by a combined effect of the loss of top predators and management for high ungulate densities.
机译:众所周知,顶级掠食者可调节淡水,海洋和陆地生态系统。但是,很少有研究表明在生产性和生物多样性的陆地生态系统中出现营养级联反应。麋鹿岛国家公园和周围保护区的有蹄类动物(IUU)使用强度范围很广(2.3至53.4单位/ km 2 ),这是由于顶级掠食者的功能丧失,有蹄类动物数字和变化的狩猎压力。为了评估高IUU是否导致营养级联,我检查了植被特征以及灌木相关的黄莺( Dendroica petechia )和加拿大虎尾燕尾( Papilio canadensis )的数量。 。 IUU高的区域导致水平灌木覆盖的丧失,导致黄莺减少。加拿大虎尾燕的丰盛与幼虫寄主植物密度的降低有关,特别是窒息物( Prunus virginiana )。这项研究提供了一个物种级营养级联的证据,该级联是由顶级掠食者的丧失和高有蹄类动物密度的管理的综合作用引发的。

著录项

  • 作者

    Teichman, Kristine Jean.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Alberta (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Alberta (Canada).;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.
  • 学位 M.Sc.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 108 p.
  • 总页数 108
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 老年病学;
  • 关键词

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