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首页> 外文学位 >Factors that influence invasion success of two woody invaders of forest understories.
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Factors that influence invasion success of two woody invaders of forest understories.

机译：影响两个森林底层木本入侵者入侵成功的因素。

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I examined factors that affect the establishment of two woody invaders of forest communities: Rhamnus cathartica (native to Europe and invasive in North America) and Prunus serotina (native to North America and invasive in Europe).; Surveys of invasion patterns of both species at the forest stand scale showed positive relationships between invasion and resident understory diversity and negative relationships between invasion and resident understory cover. This suggests that sites that are favorable for colonization by many native species are also favorable for colonization by invasives. However, cover-related competition from native plants may inhibit colonization. The relationship between diversity and invasion was scale-dependent: in small patches, both native diversity and native cover had negative relationships with invasion of R. cathartica.; A field experiment showed effects of canopy-tree and herbaceous-species competition. Growth and survival of R. cathartica was greater in canopy gaps than in closed-canopy areas. Herbaceous species decreased growth of R. cathartica in canopy gaps, decreasing light and soil NO3 for R. cathartica seedlings. These results, combined with the survey results, suggest that shady forests may be less invisible and that an increase in the cover of herbaceous plants at any particular site should decrease invisibility.; A second field experiment and a greenhouse experiment showed that mature R. cathartica trees facilitate their seedlings through their affects on N cycling and possibly on soil biota. These trees also had positive effects on herbaceous species, casting doubt on the ecological importance of allelopathy of R. cathartica.; In a growth chamber experiment, P. serotina showed growth patterns consistent with escape-from-natural-enemies: inhibition by soil pathogens in North American soils but not in European soils. However, R. cathartica showed the opposite pattern, encountering new enemies, or biotic resistance, in its invaded North American range. Its growth was inhibited by soil pathogens in North America at all tested light levels while its growth in European soils only showed inhibition at low light. R. cathartica roots showed greater infection by pathogens or saprophytes in soils from North America, corroborating these results. These results show that escape from soil pathogens may not explain the success of some invasive species.
机译：我研究了影响两个森林群落的木本入侵者的建立的因素：鼠李木（Rhamnus cathartica）（原产于欧洲，在北美入侵）和李子血清（原产于北美，在欧洲入侵）。在林分尺度上对这两种物种的入侵模式进行的调查显示，入侵与常住林下物种多样性之间存在正相关关系，而入侵与常住林下植被之间存在负相关关系。这表明有利于许多本地物种定殖的位点也有利于入侵物定殖。但是，来自本地植物的与盖相关的竞争可能会抑制定植。多样性与入侵之间的关系是依比例而定的：在小片区域，原生多样性和原生覆盖都与宣泄红景天的入侵有负相关。田间试验显示了树冠和草本物种竞争的影响。冠状间隙中的R. cathartica的生长和存活率高于封闭的冠状区域。草本物种减少了冠层间隙中R. cathartica的生长，减少了R. cathartica幼苗的光和土壤NO3。这些结果与调查结果相结合，表明阴暗的森林可能不那么隐蔽，在任何特定地点增加草本植物的覆盖率都将减少隐身性。第二个田间试验和温室试验表明，成熟的R. cathartica树通过影响N循环并可能影响土壤生物而促进了幼苗的生长。这些树木还对草本物种产生了积极影响，这使人们对R. cathartica化感作用的生态重要性产生怀疑。在生长室实验中，浆液毕赤酵母显示出与自然逃生一致的生长方式：北美土壤中土壤病原体的抑制作用，而欧洲土壤中则没有。然而，R。cathartica在其入侵的北美范围内表现出相反的模式，遇到了新的敌人或生物抗性。在所有测试的光照水平下，其生长均受到北美土壤病原体的抑制，而在欧洲土壤中的生长仅在弱光下显示出抑制作用。 R. cathartica根在北美土壤中显示出更大的病原体或腐生菌感染，证实了这些结果。这些结果表明，逃离土壤病原体可能无法解释某些入侵物种的成功。

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