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Development, environment and shrimp aquaculture: The emerging challenge of inland low-salinity shrimp culture in Thailand.

机译：发展，环境和虾类养殖：泰国内陆低盐虾养殖的新挑战。

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摘要

Farm-raised marine shrimp are Thailand's most important agricultural export, earning {dollar}US 2.4 billion annually in revenues for the government. Thailand's experience with intensive shrimp culture spans almost two decades. First generation marine shrimp farms, located mostly in coastal areas, have given way to a second generation of shrimp farms located in freshwater and brackishwater areas. The success of these second generation farms is attributed to the discovery by farmers that they can successfully cultivate a marine species of shrimp under low-salinity conditions. The nature of this innovation, referred to as inland or low-salinity culture, has greatly increased the potential for establishing shrimp cultivation much further from the coast than previously believed possible. While there are still many coastal shrimp farms, the most significant industry expansion since the mid 1990s has occurred in the irrigated floodplain and delta of Thailand's central plain. The output from low-salinity shrimp culture in freshwater areas now accounts for a large and rising proportion of total Thai production, and is a significant component of world production.; This dissertation investigates the development of low-salinity shrimp culture in Thailand. The key findings were the firsthand documentation of the factors contributing to the development of low-salinity shrimp farming in freshwater environments. This study documents the innovations in hatchery and farming techniques, examines the development of the saltwater infrastructure required to sustain inland shrimp ponds, and identifies the land and water management challenges associated with low-salinity culture from both the government and producer perspective. The methodology adopted to achieve the research objectives consisted of secondary data review, farm and key informant surveys utilizing semi-structured interviews, informal interviews and discussions, and statistical description and analysis. The research was completed during four separate field investigations totaling ten months over an eight-year period from 1997 to 2004. Recommendations are offered to improve the environmental management of low-salinity shrimp culture.
机译：农场养殖的海虾是泰国最重要的农业出口产品，每年为政府创造24亿美元的收入。泰国在虾类密集养殖方面的经验跨越了近二十年。第一代海水虾养殖场，主要位于沿海地区，已让位于淡水和咸水地区的第二代虾养殖场。这些第二代养殖场的成功归功于农民的发现，他们发现他们可以在低盐度条件下成功地养殖海洋虾类。这种创新的性质被称为内陆或低盐度养殖，大大增加了在沿海地区建立虾类养殖的潜力，这比以前认为的要大得多。尽管仍然有许多沿海虾养殖场，但自1990年代中期以来，最大的产业扩张发生在泰国中部平原的灌溉洪泛区和三角洲。淡水地区低盐虾养殖的产量目前在泰国总产量中所占比例不断提高，并且是世界产量的重要组成部分。本文研究了泰国低盐虾养殖的发展。关键发现是在淡水环境中促进低盐虾养殖发展的因素的第一手资料。这项研究记录了孵化场和养殖技术的创新，考察了维持内陆虾塘所需的盐水基础设施的发展，并从政府和生产者的角度确定了与低盐度养殖相关的土地和水管理挑战。实现研究目标所采用的方法包括二次数据审查，利用半结构化访谈，非正式访谈和讨论以及统计描述和分析进行的农场和关键信息提供者调查。该研究是在1997年至2004年的八年期间内，在四个单独的田野调查中完成的，共进行了十个月的调查。提出了改善低盐虾养殖环境管理的建议。

著录项

  • 作者

    Miller, Paul John.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Victoria (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 University of Victoria (Canada).;
  • 学科 Geography.; Economics Agricultural.; Agriculture Fisheries and Aquaculture.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 301 p.
  • 总页数 301
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然地理学;农业经济;水产、渔业;
  • 关键词

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