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首页> 外文学位 >Ambivalent aspirations: Aid and the cultural politics of proximity in a Japanese NGO in Burma/Myanmar .
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Ambivalent aspirations: Aid and the cultural politics of proximity in a Japanese NGO in Burma/Myanmar .

机译：矛盾的愿望：在缅甸缅甸的一个日本NGO中，援助与邻近的文化政治。

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摘要

Japanese aid has generally been understood to focus on developmentalist infrastructural projects, but since the 1990s, Japanese aid actors have also emphasized “soft” aid. One example of soft aid is hitozukuri (“making persons”): human resource development activities such as training programs. Based on 20 months of fieldwork tracing a Japanese NGO’s activities “making persons” across Japan and Burma/Myanmar, I examine the cultural politics of aspiring to create relational proximity among aid actors that undergirds hitozukuri aid. Specifically, I study the Organizational for Industrial, Spiritual and Cultural Advancement (OISCA), one of the oldest nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in Japan that derives from a Shinto-based new religion called Ananaikyo. OISCA has been conducting training programs in sustainable agriculture for Asian rural youth in Japan and around the Asia-Pacific since the 1960s. These programs aim to construct intercultural and interpersonal proximity among aid workers and trainees who live together for a year “like family” in training centers. As one of the most prominent NGOs in Japan that has received significant support from politicians and government officials, I suggest that the aspirations for proximity in OISCA are emblematic of general understandings of hitozukuri aid.;While recent studies of humanitarianism have shed light on the paradox between humanitarian ideals and practices, the dilemmas that emerge in the intercultural encounters that are at the core of international aid work have been largely overlooked. My dissertation elucidates how aspirations for proximity in cross-cultural relations produce a particular politics of ambivalence in hitozukuri aid. On the one hand, the dominant aspirations for proximity in OISCA generate positive forms of belonging and “being human.” On the other hand, such aspirations also involve a violent erasure of differences, at the same time that “cultural differences” are upheld. As such, national-culturalism and the aspiration for proximity are two sides of the same coin in hitozukuri aid. The dissertation ultimately argues that aid ideologies of humanity based on ideas of proximity should alert us to a politics of global culturalism that is both alluring and violent, producing a variety effects on different aid actors.
机译：人们普遍认为日本的援助集中在发展主义基础设施项目上，但是自1990年代以来，日本的援助参与者也一直强调“软”援助。软援助的一个例子是hitozukuri（“造人”）：诸如培训计划之类的人力资源开发活动。根据20个月的田野调查，追踪了一个日本非政府组织在日本和缅甸/缅甸的“造人”活动，我考察了渴望在支持Hitozukuri援助的援助者之间建立联系的文化政治。具体来说，我研究了工业，精神和文化进步组织（OISCA），这是日本最古老的非政府组织（NGOs）之一，其起源于一个基于神道教的新宗教，名为Ananaikyo。自1960年代以来，OISCA一直在为日本和亚太地区的亚洲农村青年开展可持续农业培训计划。这些计划旨在在培训中心“像家人一样”住在一起的援助工作者和受训者之间，建立跨文化和人际关系。作为日本最著名的非政府组织之一，它得到了政界人士和政府官员的大力支持，我认为在OISCA中接近就近的愿望象征了对人hit援助的普遍理解。；尽管最近对人道主义的研究揭示了这一悖论在人道主义理想与实践之间，在国际援助工作核心的跨文化交流中出现的困境已被大大忽略。我的论文阐明了在跨文化关系中渴望亲近的愿望如何在Hitozukuri援助中产生一种特殊的矛盾心理。一方面，OISCA中对接近性的主要追求产生了归属和“人类”的积极形式。另一方面，这种抱负还涉及暴力消除差异，同时维护“文化差异”。这样一来，民族文化主义和对近距离的渴望就成为了Hitozukuri援助中同一枚硬币的两个方面。论文最终认为，基于亲近思想的人类援助意识形态应该使我们警惕一种既诱人又暴力的全球文化主义政治，对不同的援助者产生多种影响。

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  • 作者

    Watanabe, Chika.;

  • 作者单位

    Cornell University.;

  • 授予单位 Cornell University.;
  • 学科 Anthropology Cultural.;Sociology Public and Social Welfare.;Asian Studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 338 p.
  • 总页数 338
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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