• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文学位 >Investigating schema-related memory distortions: Do dysphoric college students display negatively biased false memories?
【24h】

Investigating schema-related memory distortions: Do dysphoric college students display negatively biased false memories?

机译：研究与模式相关的记忆失真：烦躁不安的大学生是否表现出负偏向的错误记忆？

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Depression and dysphoria (subclinical depression) are associated with mood-congruent memory biases where individuals disproportionately recall negative information. Beck's (1967; 1976) theory suggests that negative schemas (internal representations or scripts about the self, the future and the environment) lead to this tendency to misinterpret information in a mood-consistent but negatively distorted manner. Dysphoria has also been related to memory suggestibility (MacFarland & Morris, 1995), along with producing false memories for general information (Peiffer & Trull, 2000). While these findings suggest that the memories of dysphoric individuals may be uniquely vulnerable to distortion, there has been little explanation as to why this might occur. In particular, it is unknown whether false memories may be produced as an extension of mood-congruent memory biases associated with depression and dysphoria.; In examining these issues, the present study investigated whether or not dysphoric college students would display mood-congruent false memories consistent with using a negative schema to process and retrieve information. In testing this theory, college students with high and low levels of dysphoria were asked to recall event details and word lists that were manipulated to be either negative or positive in emotional valence. It was expected that dysphoric students would display a mood-congruent memory bias for the negative stimuli that matched their schema, resulting in increased suggestibility and false memories for negative events and word lists, in comparison to non-dysphoric students. No differences were expected for memory of positive (i.e., schema-inconsistent) event details or word lists. Additional individual differences in anxiety level and certain related cognitive characteristics (i.e., dissociation, imagery and absorption) were also examined to determine if they were separately predictive of suggestibility and false memory.; Results from 146 undergraduates failed to support predictions. Dysphoria was not associated with suggestibility and false memory for mood-congruent (i.e., negative) event details or words. Dysphoric students did not produce more false memories for negative information than nondysphoric students and were, if anything, slightly more accurate in their recall of information. In extension of previous research, dysphoric students exhibited a specific mood-congruent intrusion bias in that they falsely recognized more negative than positive critical lures on associative word lists. However, this was due to less false recognition of positive information, rather than increased false recognition of negative information, relative to other students. Other individual difference variables, such as anxiety and cognitive characteristics, also failed to predict false memory and suggestibility effects.; Overall, these findings indicated that dysphoric individuals do not produce negatively biased false memories for "objective" information (such as events or word lists). Thus, mood-congruent memory biases associated with dysphoria do not appear to increase suggestibility to general negative information, leading to false memory.; However, future research is needed to determine if these null findings hold true for memories of more emotionally salient or self-referent information. These types of memories may be more closely connected to the schemas of dysphoric individuals, and thus activate a stronger intrusion bias. Additionally, this study did not examine individuals diagnosed with clinical depression, who tend to experience stronger mood-congruent memory biases. As a result, it remains to be determined whether more severe and ongoing depression leads to increased suggestibility and memory distortions, leading to negatively biased false memories for general (i.e., non self-referent) information.
机译：抑郁症和烦躁不安（亚临床抑郁症）与情绪一致的记忆偏见相关，个人会不成比例地回忆起负面信息。贝克（1967; 1976）的理论表明，消极的图式（关于自我，未来和环境的内部表示或脚本）导致这种倾向以一种与情绪保持一致但产生负面扭曲的方式来误解信息。烦躁不安也与记忆的暗示性有关（MacFarland＆Morris，1995），以及产生虚假的一般信息记忆（Peiffer＆Trull，2000）。尽管这些发现表明，烦躁不安的人的记忆可能特别容易受到扭曲的影响，但对于为什么会发生这种扭曲几乎没有任何解释。尤其是，不知道是否会产生虚假的记忆作为与抑郁和烦躁不安相关的情绪一致的记忆偏差的延伸。在研究这些问题时，本研究调查了烦躁不安的大学生是否会显示出与使用否定图式来处理和检索信息相一致的情绪一致的错误记忆。在测试该理论时，要求烦躁程度高和低的大学生回忆事件细节和单词表，这些信息和单词表被操纵为情绪价的反面或正面。预计烦躁不安的学生会对与他们的图式相匹配的消极刺激表现出与情绪一致的记忆偏见，与消极烦躁的学生相比，会导致负面事件和单词列表的暗示性和假记忆增加。对于肯定的（即，架构不一致的）事件详细信息或单词列表，预期不会有任何差异。还检查了焦虑水平和某些相关认知特征（即，解离，图像和吸收）的其他个体差异，以确定它们是否分别预测了暗示性和错误记忆。 146名本科生的结果未能支持预测。烦躁不安与情绪一致（即消极）事件细节或单词的暗示性和错误记忆无关。烦躁不安的学生对负面信息的错误记忆不会比非烦躁不安的学生更多，并且，如果有的话，他们对信息的回忆会更加准确。在先前研究的扩展中，烦躁不安的学生表现出一种特定的情绪一致的偏见，因为他们错误地认识到联想词列表上的负面批评比正面批评更为诱人。但是，这是由于相对于其他学生，对正面信息的错误识别较少，而不是对负面信息的错误识别增加了。其他个体差异变量，如焦虑和认知特征，也无法预测错误的记忆和暗示性影响。总体而言，这些发现表明，烦躁不安的人不会对“客观”信息（例如事件或单词列表）产生负面的错误记忆。因此，与烦躁不安相关的情绪一致的记忆偏见似乎并未增加对一般负面信息的暗示，从而导致错误的记忆。但是，需要进行进一步的研究来确定这些无效的发现是否对更重要的情感或自指信息的记忆成立。这些类型的记忆可能与烦躁个体的图式更紧密地联系在一起，从而激活了更强的入侵倾向。此外，这项研究没有检查被诊断为临床抑郁症的人，他们倾向于经历更强的情绪一致性记忆偏见。结果，尚待确定是否更严重和持续的抑郁会导致增加的暗示性和记忆失真，从而导致对一般（即，非自指）信息的错误记忆产生负偏见。

著录项

  • 作者

    Torrens, Donna.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of Saskatchewan (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 The University of Saskatchewan (Canada).;
  • 学科 Psychology Clinical.; Psychology Cognitive.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 148 p.
  • 总页数 148
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 医学心理学、病理心理学;心理学;
  • 关键词

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号