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首页> 外文学位 >Peeking through a frosty window: Molecular insights into the communities of Arctic soil fungi.
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Peeking through a frosty window: Molecular insights into the communities of Arctic soil fungi.

机译：透过冷淡的窗户窥视：分子对北极土壤真菌群落的见解。

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摘要

Fungi are thought to be one of the most diverse groups of organisms in the Arctic. They drive mineral and energy cycles and influence the occurrence of other organisms as mutualists (mycorrhizae, endophytes, lichens), decomposers and pathogens. Nevertheless, information on fungal biodiversity and distribution patterns in relation to environments across the Arctic is still sparse. Molecular methods were used to examine the diversity and community structures of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) associated with two principal arctic host plants, Salix arctica and Dryas integrifolia, as well as total soil fungal communities of adjacent disturbed and undisturbed areas of patterned-ground features across the five bioclimatic subzones (A-E) of the North American Arctic. Key findings include the following: (1) More diverse fungal communities had been observed than previously known. These communities encompass nearly all fungal phyla and included all fungal guilds. However, a few species-rich fungal families dominated these fungal communities. (2) Surprisingly, species richness did not decline with latitude. (3) The most abundant fungal taxa were widely distributed in and beyond the Arctic. Yet root (EMF) and soil fungal communities showed niche preferences in regard to bioclimatic subzones. Furthermore, disturbed and undisturbed patterned ground features harbored different soil fungal communities with the exception of the coldest subzone A. In contrast, EMF community composition was not affected by host plant identity. (4) Fungal communities in the warmest subzone E were distinct from the other arctic subzones and the majority of taxa matched fungi from the boreal forest. (5) Key drivers of fungal community and guild composition along the bioclimatic gradient included regional climate, pH as well as vegetation composition and productivity across the subzones. At the local scale of patterned-ground features, fungal communities were correlated with vegetation composition and microclimate. With a warming climate, I would expect an enhanced colonization of patterned-ground features by vascular plants that would then affect fungal community structure not only at the species level, but also at the level of fungal guilds. In particular I would expect increases in fungi that are symbiotic with plants and a northward shift of both plant and fungal taxa.
机译：真菌被认为是北极生物种类最丰富的一种。它们驱动矿物质和能量循环，并影响其他生物的共生（菌根，内生菌，地衣），分解剂和病原体的发生。但是，关于北极地区与环境有关的真菌生物多样性和分布方式的信息仍然很少。分子方法被用来检查与两种主要的北极寄主植物柳柳和无花果树相关的外生菌根真菌（EMF）的多样性和群落结构，以及相邻的受干扰和不受干扰的图案化地面特征区域的总土壤真菌群落。北美北极地区的五个生物气候分区。主要发现包括以下几个方面：（1）观察到的真菌群落比以前已知的要多。这些社区几乎涵盖了所有真菌门，包括所有真菌行会。但是，一些物种丰富的真菌家族主导了这些真菌群落。 （2）令人惊讶的是，物种丰富度并没有随纬度下降。 （3）最丰富的真菌类群广泛分布于北极内外。然而，根部（EMF）和土壤真菌群落在生物气候分区方面表现出利基偏好。此外，除了最冷的A区以外，受干扰且不受干扰的地面特征还包含不同的土壤真菌群落。相反，EMF群落的组成不受寄主植物身份的影响。 （4）最温暖的E区的真菌群落与其他北极次区不同，大部分的类群匹配真菌来自北方森林。 （5）沿生物气候梯度变化的真菌群落和行会组成的主要驱动力包括区域气候，pH值以及整个分区的植被组成和生产力。在图案化地面特征的局部尺度上，真菌群落与植被组成和微气候相关。在气候变暖的情况下，我希望维管植物对有图案的地面特征的定殖会增强，这不仅会在物种级别，而且会在真菌行会级别影响真菌群落结构。我特别希望与植物共生的真菌增加，并使植物和真菌类群向北转移。

著录项

  • 作者

    Timling, Ina.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Alaska Fairbanks.;

  • 授予单位 University of Alaska Fairbanks.;
  • 学科 Biology.;Microbiology.;Molecular biology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 200 p.
  • 总页数 200
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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