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首页> 外文学位 >Le Nanomonde des chercheurs Analyse sociologique des pratiques et des discours sur l'instrumentation en nanotechnologies.
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Le Nanomonde des chercheurs Analyse sociologique des pratiques et des discours sur l'instrumentation en nanotechnologies.

机译：研究人员的纳米世界纳米技术仪器实践和论述的社会学分析。

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摘要

In the vanguard of the current scientific innovation, the research in nanotechnologies joins in a promise of conquest of a new dimension: the Nanoworld. Defined by a dimensionality criterion including all the objects between 1 and 100 nanometers and by the application of the laws of the quantum physics in the analysis of phenomenon, this new territory of knowledge is used as a social showcase for the promises of radical processing of our understanding of the reality, through in particular the production of "nano" objects displaying revolutionary properties, such as carbon nanotubes. But what exactly is the nature of this dimension? How is it defined, and who, once the speeches and practices have been analyzed, eventually controls it? Through a grounded research in two nanotechnologies laboratories and a series of interviews with researchers, I have analyzed the importance of technical instrumentation as a structuring element of the Nanoworld, both in practice and speeches. Furthermore, the concept of technical thought allows to report the nature of aprioris within the research work in nanotechnologies.;By going through the various works made by humanities on nanotechnologies, the square of the instrumentation, if evocated as an element of accessibility to join the Nanoworld, is only rarely considered in a problematic perspective. Through the analysis of the reflexive speech of the research practitionners, it seems that the instrumentation, much more than being a simple material element of the laboratory, structures the interpersonal relations. It creates a network of cognitive interdependence where every researcher is situated according to his instrumental expertise. It structures the relations within the researchers' group. This cognitive sharing is a way to establish social relationships, while being an element of determination of the nature of the researches on the Nanoworld.;The instrumentation is thus naturalized as a granted component of "laboratory life". Yet, the analysis of the attempts of control of the research context and a discussion around the efficiency of the technical system of the instrumentation in nanotechnologies, the auto-reference aspect which takes the work of exploration of the Nanoworld becomes highlighted. This aspect of closure on the technical system of the instrumentation is parallel with the way the speeches on the nanotechnologies---both internal and external to the scientific sphere---present the objects of the Nanoworld and the research on these objects through their performative aspect..;By insisting on the performances of the products of their research, scientists and developers of the nanotechnologies turn the Nanoworld into a dimension of merchandised knowledge, in the same logic as neoliberal market ideas. However, far from corresponding to an enrichment of the expertises, this model of merchandisation entails their impoverishment. Furthermore, a difficulty to train the "nanos" researchers of the future arised in the past few years. This double standard is obvious as a consequence of the technical imperative of the speech performativity and the choice of individual researchers. Thus, the analysis I conducted here insists on the idea that it is according to the technical way of thinking that the Nanoworld is investigated, conquered, and, finally, exploited.
机译：在当前科学创新的先锋力量下，纳米技术的研究带来了征服新维度的承诺：纳米世界。根据包括所有1至100纳米之间的所有物体的维数准则以及通过量子物理学定律在现象分析中的定义，这种新的知识领域被用作社会展示，以实现对我们的根本性处理的承诺。通过特别是生产具有革命性特性的“纳米”物体（例如碳纳米管）来理解现实。但是这个维度的本质到底是什么？它是如何定义的，一旦对演讲和实践进行了分析，谁最终将控制它？通过在两个纳米技术实验室的扎实研究以及对研究人员的一系列采访，我在实践和演讲中分析了技术仪器作为纳米世界的结构要素的重要性。此外，技术思想的概念允许报告纳米技术研究工作中先天性的本质。;通过仔细研究人类在纳米技术上所做的各种工作，仪器的平方（如果被提倡作为加入纳米技术的可及性的要素）。纳米世界，很少从有问题的角度考虑。通过对研究从业人员的反省性言语的分析，似乎该仪器不仅构成了实验室的简单物质元素，而且还构成了人际关系。它创建了一个认知相互依存的网络，每个研究人员都可以根据他的仪器专业知识来放置该网络。它构建了研究者团队内部的关系。这种认知共享是建立社会关系的一种方式，同时也是确定纳米世界研究性质的要素。；因此，仪器被自然化为“实验室生活”的必然组成部分。然而，突出了对控制研究环境的尝试的分析以及围绕纳米技术的仪器技术系统效率的讨论，而自动参考方面则是对纳米世界进行探索的工作。仪器技术系统封闭的这一方面与科学技术内部和外部的纳米技术演讲呈现纳米世界的对象以及通过其表现力对这些对象的研究相平行通过坚持自己研究产品的性能，纳米技术的科学家和开发人员将纳米世界转变为商品知识的一个维度，其逻辑与新自由主义市场思想相同。但是，这种商品化模式远非对应于丰富的专业知识，而是使他们陷入贫困。此外，在过去的几年中，培训未来的“ nanos”研究人员遇到了困难。由于语音性能的技术要求和个人研究者的选择，这种双重标准是显而易见的。因此，我在这里进行的分析始终坚持这样的想法，即根据技术思维方法对纳米世界进行调查，征服并最终加以利用。

著录项

  • 作者

    Richard, Sebastien.;

  • 作者单位

    Universite de Montreal (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Universite de Montreal (Canada).;
  • 学科 Sociology Social Structure and Development.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 347 p.
  • 总页数 347
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 肿瘤学;
  • 关键词

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