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Neural substrates and functional connectivity associated with sleepdependent and independent consolidation of new motor skills.

机译：与新的运动技能的睡眠依赖和独立巩固相关的神经基质和功能连接性。

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摘要

Memory in humans is generally divided into two broad categories: declarative (for facts and events) and procedural (for skills and motor abilities). To persist, memories undergo a process referred to as consolidation, where a fresh, initially labile memory trace becomes more robust and stable. Sleep is known to play an important role in declarative memory consolidation, and in the past decade, there has been increasing evidence for a role of sleep in the consolidation of procedural memory as well. Interestingly, however, the beneficial effects of sleep do not seem to be homogenous. Motor sequence learning consolidation, in particular, has been found to be particularly sensitive to sleep effects, while the consolidation of motor adaptation has not. Moreover, neuroimaging research, has demonstrated that the long term retention of these two types of motor abilities rely on different neuronal networks, namely the cortico-striatal and cortico-cerebellar systems, respectively. Yet the implication of these networks in the consolidation of these two types of motor memory remains unclear. The aim of the present doctoral thesis was thus to determine the influence of sleep, while controlling for the simple passage of daytime, on the consolidation of a motor sequence learning task vs. a motor adaptation task. We further aimed to bring new insights into the underlying brain regions involved in consolidating these two forms of motor skills.;Consistent with previous research, we found off-line improvements in performance for motor adaptation learning, independent of whether participants had a night of sleep or remained awake during daytime. Furthermore, these improvements were correlated with activity in the cerebellum. In contrast, we found that off-line increases in performance in motor sequence learning were evident after a night of sleep but not over the day; and the putamen was strongly associated with this sleep-dependent consolidation process. Finally, while measuring brain changes in connectivity associated with the latter process, we observed that sleep-dependent consolidation is reflected by an increased level of integration within the cortico-striatal system, but not in other functional networks. Conversely, the simple passage of daytime in the wake state seems to result in decreased cortico-striatal integration. In sum our results highlight that not all motor memories undergo sleep-dependent consolidation. We demonstrated that these different paths to consolidation are also reflected by distinct underlying neuronal systems, namely a cortico-striatal and cortico-cerebellar network associated with the consolidation of motor sequence and motor adaptation learning respectively. Furthermore, we propose that consolidation of motor sequences during sleep protects and favors cohesion within the cortico-striatal system, a phenomenon that, if replicated in other types of memories, may be considered as a new marker of sleep-dependent consolidation.
机译：人类的记忆通常分为两大类：陈述性（针对事实和事件）和程序性（针对技能和运动能力）。为了保持持久性，内存要经历称为合并的过程，在此过程中，新的，最初不稳定的内存跟踪将变得更加健壮和稳定。众所周知，睡眠在声明性记忆整合中起着重要作用，并且在过去的十年中，越来越多的证据表明睡眠在程序记忆的整合中也起着重要的作用。有趣的是，睡眠的有益作用似乎并不相同。特别是发现运动序列学习合并对睡眠效应特别敏感，而运动适应性合并则没有。此外，神经影像研究表明，这两种运动能力的长期保留依赖于不同的神经元网络，分别是皮质-纹状体和皮质-小脑系统。然而，尚不清楚这些网络在这两种类型的马达存储器的整合中的含义。因此，本博士论文的目的是确定睡眠，同时控制白天的简单通过，对巩固运动序列学习任务与运动适应任务的影响。我们进一步旨在为整合这两种形式的运动技能的潜在大脑区域带来新见解;与先前的研究一致，我们发现运动适应性学习的离线性能得到了改善，而与参与者是否睡了一晚无关或在白天保持清醒状态。此外，这些改善与小脑活动相关。相比之下，我们发现运动序列学习的离线性能提高是在一个晚上的睡眠后而不是一天之后明显的。而核壳蛋白与这种依赖睡眠的巩固过程密切相关。最后，在测量与后一个过程相关的连接性的大脑变化时，我们观察到，依赖睡眠的巩固反应是由皮质-纹状体系统内整合水平的提高反映出来的，而其他功能网络则没有。相反，白天在醒着状态下的简单经过似乎导致皮质-纹状体整合减少。总而言之，我们的结果表明并非所有的运动记忆都会经历依赖睡眠的巩固。我们证明，整合的这些不同途径也由不同的基础神经元系统反映，即分别与运动序列和运动适应性学习的巩固相关的皮质-纹状体和皮质-小脑网络。此外，我们提出在睡眠过程中巩固运动序列可以保护并促进皮质-纹状体系统内的凝聚力，这种现象如果在其他类型的记忆中得以复制，则可被视为睡眠依赖性巩固的新标志。

著录项

  • 作者

    Debas, Karen.;

  • 作者单位

    Universite de Montreal (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Universite de Montreal (Canada).;
  • 学科 Psychology Cognitive.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 146 p.
  • 总页数 146
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 肿瘤学;
  • 关键词

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