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Life Course and Social Stratification in Contemporary China.

机译：当代中国的人生历程与社会分层。

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摘要

This research applies the life-course perspective to investigate how critical events commonly experienced by ordinary people in China subsequently affect the social statuses of themselves and their offspring. The research consists of three empirical studies, each of which focuses on an important life event that has affected many individuals in China's recent history: Cultural Revolution, military service, and primary school entry. The first study is about social reproduction of social status across three generations. It proposes a counter-mobility model in which the third generation tends to return to the social position of the first generation when the status of the second generation deviates from that of the first generation. It also shows that this bouncing-back pattern is especially pronounced for a generation of Chinese whose educational opportunities were disrupted by political turbulence during the Cultural Revolution. The second study is on military service. By comparing social outcomes between male veterans and matched male nonveterans, this study shows that military service facilitates attainment of college education and Party membership, marital transition, and earning higher income. The study also shows, however, the veteran premium was not uniform, contingent on such life-course factors as the timing and duration of military service, the historical period, and service status. The military experience does not guarantee a good prospect, but it offers mobility opportunities that individual veteran may take advantage of. The third study is on the timing of primary school entry under China's compulsory educational system. The Compulsory Educational Law specified the minimum age and the enrollment cutoff. It resulted in the age difference between children born before and after the cutoff date. The study shows that these age rules of school eligibility affected the school-entry timing and later, adulthood outcomes. Rather than supporting the age position effect suggested by previous studies, however, this study argues that the age rules of school eligibility gives parents of children born after the cutoff date stronger incentives and greater flexibility with which parents arrange the best timing of school entry for their child. To sum up, the three studies all demonstrate the usefulness of the life-course perspective in understanding social stratification in contemporary China.
机译：这项研究运用生命历程的观点来研究中国普通百姓普遍经历的重大事件随后如何影响其自身及其后代的社会地位。该研究包括三项实证研究，每项研究都关注影响到中国近代史上许多人的重要生活事件：文化大革命，兵役和小学入学。第一项研究是关于三代人的社会地位的社会再生产。它提出了一种反流动模型，其中当第二代人的地位偏离第一代人的地位时，第三代人倾向于回到第一代人的社会地位。这也表明，这种反弹的模式对于一代中国人尤其明显，他们的文化教育革命期间，他们的教育机会被政治动荡打乱了。第二项研究是关于兵役的。通过比较男性退伍军人和相匹配的男性非退伍军人的社会结局，这项研究表明，兵役有助于实现大学教育和加入党员，婚姻过渡以及获得更高的收入。但是，研究还表明，退伍军人的保费并不统一，取决于诸如终身服役的时间和兵役时间，历史时期和服役状况等生活历程因素。军事经验不能保证有良好的前景，但是它提供了一些老兵可以利用的机动性机会。第三项研究是关于中国义务教育制度下小学入学时间的。 《义务教育法》规定了最低年龄和入学年龄。这导致了截止日期前后出生的孩子之间的年龄差异。研究表明，这些年龄的入学资格规则会影响入学时间和成年后的成绩。这项研究并没有支持先前研究提出的年龄位置效应，而是认为学校资格的年龄规则为截止日期之后出生的孩子的父母提供了更强的动机和更大的灵活性，使父母可以为他们安排最佳入学时机。儿童。综上所述，这三项研究都表明了人生历程观对理解当代中国社会分层的作用。

著录项

  • 作者

    Zhang, Chunni.;

  • 作者单位

    The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong).;

  • 授予单位 The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong).;
  • 学科 Sociology Demography.;Sociology Individual and Family Studies.;Sociology General.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 138 p.
  • 总页数 138
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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