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Tears and More Tears: The Humanitarian Path to Citizenship.

机译：眼泪和更多的眼泪：公民权的人道主义之路。

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摘要

This dissertation analyzes the legalization process as experienced by immigrant crime victims and their attorneys in Los Angeles, California. Drawing on over three years of ethnographic and qualitative research, I chart the process from the time undocumented immigrants decide they want to regularize their status through a humanitarian remedy and contact attorneys at legal non-profit organizations; through the case development phase, when immigrants collaborate with attorneys to produce compelling petitions for legal standing; to the period of application results and beyond, documenting the consequences of approvals and rejections for immigrants and their families. I also consider immigration lawyers' paths into their profession and examine how their career motivations shape their legal practice. Empirically, I focus on the experiences of female Latin American immigrants as they pursue U Visa status and the attorneys they collaborate with. Created in 2000 through the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act, the U Visa is a temporary legal status for immigrant victims of violent crime that offers a path to permanent residency and U.S. citizenship.;This project makes three interrelated contributions to research on immigration, legal mobilization, and legal decision-making. First, I advance scholarship on international migration and immigration policy by building on conceptualizations of immigration control that center on policy interpretation and implementation by mid-level actors and institutions (Armenta, 2011; Gilboy, 1991; Marrow, 2009). By analyzing how lawyers broker between immigrants and the state and between immigrants and other mid-level intermediaries such as police officers, employers, and social services providers, I configure immigration attorneys as both agents and critics of law who simultaneously reinforce and challenge official and unofficial legal notions (Coutin, 2000). In drawing attention to attorneys' complex roles in the application of immigration policies, I show how exclusionary aspects of control characteristic of the contemporary immigration legal regime can filter into efforts intended to benefit immigrants. Second, this dissertation demonstrates critical ways in which law shapes immigrants' lives. Research has examined undocumented immigrants' attempts to acquire socioeconomic resources from a position outside the law (Abrego, 2008; Gleeson, 2009), but I further this agenda by exploring immigrants' endeavors to access benefits associated with legal standing. By analyzing the signaling mechanism involved in converting a legal identity to concrete resources, I illustrate how a political and social climate of migration control combined with a legal context characterized by the multiplication of anomalous statuses between citizen and foreigner produces stratification. Lastly, this dissertation extends the law in action paradigm (Pound, 1910). While most studies of law in action have analyzed how legal actors tailor idiosyncratic details of discrete cases to existing precedents, I consider how law emerges within a confining legal framework that is at the same time not completely institutionalized.
机译：本文分析了加利福尼亚州洛杉矶市的移民犯罪受害者及其律师所经历的合法化过程。凭借三年多的人种学和定性研究，我绘制了从无证移民决定他们要通过人道主义救济和合法非营利组织联系律师身份的时间开始的过程。在案件开发阶段，移民与律师合作，提出令人信服的法律地位请愿书；在申请结果及以后期间，记录批准和拒绝移民及其家人的后果。我还将考虑移民律师进入其职业的道路，并研究其职业动机如何影响其法律实践。从经验上讲，我专注于拉丁美洲女性移民在寻求U签证身份以及与之合作的律师方面的经验。 U Visa是根据《人口贩运和暴力行为受害者保护法》于2000年创建的，它是暴力犯罪移民受害者的临时法律身份，为获得永久居留权和美国公民身份提供了途径。该项目为移民研究提供了三个相互关联的贡献，法律动员和法律决策。首先，我通过以中层行为者和机构的政策解释和实施为中心的移民控制概念来推进国际移民和移民政策的学术研究（Armenta，2011； Gilboy，1991； Marrow，2009）。通过分析律师如何在移民与国家之间以及移民与其他中层中介机构（例如警官，雇主和社会服务提供者）之间进行经纪，我将移民律师配置为法律的代理人和批评者，同时加强和挑战官方和非官方法律概念（Coutin，2000年）。在提请注意律师在实施移民政策中所扮演的复杂角色时，我展示了当代移民法律制度的控制特征的排他性方面如何能够渗透到旨在使移民受益的工作中。其次，本文论证了法律如何影响移民的生活。研究已经检查了无证移民试图从法律以外的位置获取社会经济资源的尝试（Abrego，2008； Gleeson，2009），但我通过探讨移民为获得与法律地位相关的利益的努力而进一步推进了这一议程。通过分析将法律身份转换为具体资源所涉及的信号机制，我说明了移民控制的政治和社会气氛与以公民和外国人之间异常身份的繁衍为特征的法律背景相结合如何产生分层。最后，本文扩展了行动法范式（Pound，1910）。尽管大多数在实践中的法律研究都分析了法律行为者如何将离散案件的特有细节调整为现有的先例，但我认为法律是如何在有限的法律框架内出现的，而同时又没有完全制度化。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lakhani, Sarah Morando.;

  • 作者单位

    University of California, Los Angeles.;

  • 授予单位 University of California, Los Angeles.;
  • 学科 Sociology Theory and Methods.;Law.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 266 p.
  • 总页数 266
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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