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Optimization of Crash Reduction Factors and Countermeasure Costs: A Case Study in D.C.

机译：减少碰撞的因素和对策成本的优化：以哥伦比亚特区为例

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摘要

The number of high crash intersections and the possible large number of crash types each with three severity levels account to a large possibilities of combinations. Corresponding to these are countermeasures that are applicable to each crash type and severity level. A countermeasure can be applicable to more than one crash type and severity levels; also more than one countermeasure can also be applicable to one crash intersections. Complicating the situation further are associated implementation costs and delays hours. Developing a methodology/system that considers all these variables simultaneously and identifies the most effective countermeasure(s) with the least cost is the challenge addressed in this dissertation.;This dissertation utilized crash data obtained from D.C. DOT. Literature reviews were conducted; FHWA, NHTSA, and state DOTs web sites were also used. Reviews of substantial state DOTs safety practices in general and the application of optimization in particular was also performed.;To properly handle the large number of variables and fulfill the multiple objectives concurrently, a multi-objective optimization method was employed. Four models with various combinations of the objectives were developed and processed.;This research promotes a new methodology outside the bounds of the current practice in most states and applies CRFs per severity level and more importantly to a unique dense urban area. The research also provides a methodology that is easily adoptable by any state, city, county, and municipality. The system generates feasible solutions with a combination of countermeasures that are effective, less costly to both the public (delay costs) and government (implementation costs).;Benefit-Cost analysis that is found commonly employed by the state DOTs is not necessarily the best answer nor appropriate to the multiple objectives that have to be fulfilled simultaneously. It should also be noted that, CRF is basic information required to use the system. It has been found that most states lack this information and should consider developing one.;Although this system identifies the best and the most cost effective countermeasures, the roles of the program manager by no means are diminished. The program managers still need to verify, field check and make final decision.
机译：高碰撞交叉点的数量以及可能具有三种严重性级别的大量碰撞类型说明了组合的可能性很大。与此对应的是适用于每种崩溃类型和严重性级别的对策。一项对策可以适用于不止一种崩溃类型和严重性级别。同样，不止一种对策也可以适用于一个碰撞交叉口。使实施情况复杂化的还有相关的实施成本和延迟时间。开发一种能够同时考虑所有这些变量并确定成本最低的最有效对策的方法/系统是本论文所要解决的挑战。本论文利用了从D.C. DOT获得的崩溃数据。进行了文献综述；还使用了FHWA，NHTSA和州DOT网站。一般情况下，也对实质性DOT的安全实践进行了回顾，尤其是对优化的应用。为了正确处理大量变量并同时满足多个目标，采用了多目标优化方法。开发并处理了具有不同目标组合的四个模型。该研究在大多数州的当前实践范围之外推广了一种新方法，并将CRFs应用于每个严重程度级别，更重要的是应用于唯一的密集城市地区。该研究还提供了任何州，市，县和市都可以轻松采用的方法。该系统结合了有效的对策，产生了可行的解决方案，对公众（延迟成本）和政府（实施成本）的成本更低。;州DOT普遍采用的收益成本分析不一定是最好的对必须同时实现的多个目标做出回答也不合适。还应注意的是，CRF是使用该系统所需的基本信息。已经发现，大多数州都缺乏此信息，应该考虑开发这些信息。；尽管该系统确定了最佳和最具成本效益的对策，但计划经理的作用丝毫没有减弱。计划经理仍然需要验证，现场检查并做出最终决定。

著录项

  • 作者

    Lakew, Mesfin.;

  • 作者单位

    The Catholic University of America.;

  • 授予单位 The Catholic University of America.;
  • 学科 Engineering Civil.;Operations Research.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 174 p.
  • 总页数 174
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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