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Weed growth and corn yield as affected by weed species and weed emergence time relative to corn emergence.

机译：杂草种类和杂草出苗时间相对于玉米出苗的影响，杂草的生长和玉米产量。

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摘要

The development of computerized weed management decision support systems, and the increased reliance on foliar-applied herbicides for weed management, requires a greater understanding of the interactions between weeds and corn to ensure the accuracy of weed management recommendations. A field study was conducted from 2001 to 2003 to examine the effect of corn on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), common lambsquarters ( Chenopodium album), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia ), fall panicum (Panicum dichotomiflorum), giant foxtail, (Setaria faberi), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), and velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti). A second study was conducted during the same time period to determine the effect of common lambsquarters, velvetleaf and giant foxtail on corn yield. Weeds were established at four different times relative to corn growth; at corn planting, at corn emergence, when corn reached V1, and when corn reached V3.; Weeds had no effect on corn development or corn height. Weeds established prior to corn emergence generally grew larger, produced more seed and had a greater effect on corn yield than weeds established after corn emergence. Common lambsquarters, common ragweed and velvetleaf generally produced a larger biomass and volume relative to the other weeds. Giant foxtail volume and biomass production was similar to common lambsquarters, common ragweed and velvetleaf and was generally equal to or greater than the other grass weed species. Redroot pigweed volume and biomass production was more variable between years than the other weed species. In one year redroot pigweed volume and biomass production was greater than the other weed species. In the other two years, redroot pigweed volume and biomass production was less relative to the other weed species. Fall panicum and large crabgrass volume and biomass production were generally less than the volume and biomass production of the other weed species when established at or before corn emergence. Weed volume was more variable when weeds were established after corn emergence. Velvetleaf, common lambsquarters and common ragweed volume and biomass production were generally equal to and greater than the other weeds when established after corn emergence.; Weeds with smaller seed sizes generally produced the most seed. Common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed and large crabgrass produced more seed than the other weed species regardless of when weeds were established relative to corn establishment. Common lambsquarters produced more seed than redroot pigweed and large crabgrass.; Weather conditions, weed species and weed establishment time affected corn yield loss due to weeds. In cooler growing seasons, common lambsquarters and velvetleaf reduced corn yield more than giant foxtail. When established at corn planting, common lambsquarters and velvetleaf reduced corn yield in 2 of 3 years where as giant foxtail reduced corn yield in I of 3 years. Common lambsquarters reduced corn yield when established at corn emergence 1 of 2 years. Velvetleaf reduced corn yield when established at V3 corn 1 of 3 years.
机译：计算机化杂草管理决策支持系统的开发以及对叶面施用除草剂进行杂草处理的依赖性不断增强，需要对杂草与玉米之间的相互作用有更深入的了解，以确保杂草管理建议的准确性。从2001年到2003年进行了田间研究，研究了玉米对bar草（Echinochloa crus-galli），普通小羊科（Cheopodium album），普通豚草（Ambrosia artemisiifolia），秋季恐慌（Panicum dichotomiflorum），巨型狐尾（Setaria）的影响。 Faberi），大型马草（Digitaria sanguinalis），红根藜（Amaranthus retroflexus）和草皮（Abutilon theophrasti）。在同一时期进行了第二项研究，以确定常见的羊腿，绒毛和巨大的狐尾对玉米产量的影响。相对于玉米生长，杂草在四个不同的时间建立。在玉米播种时，在玉米出苗时，当玉米达到V1时，当玉米达到V3时。杂草对玉米发育或玉米高度没有影响。与玉米出苗后建立的杂草相比，在玉米出苗之前建立的杂草通常长得更大，种子更多，对玉米产量的影响更大。与其他杂草相比，常见的羊腿，豚草和草皮通常产生更大的生物量和体积。巨大的狐尾体积和生物量生产与普通的羊腿，豚草和草皮相似，并且通常等于或大于其他草类杂草。与其他杂草物种相比，多年之间的红根杂草体积和生物量生产变化更大。一年中，红根杂草的数量和生物量产量均高于其他杂草物种。在其他两年中，相对于其他杂草物种而言，红根杂草的数量和生物量生产较少。当在玉米出苗时或在玉米出苗前建立时，秋季恐慌和大马草的体积和生物量生产通常比其他杂草物种的体积和生物量生产少。玉米出苗后建立杂草时，杂草量变化更大。当玉米出苗后建立时，Velvetleaf，共同的羊羔和共同的豚草数量和生物量生产一般等于并且大于其他杂草。种子尺寸较小的杂草通常产生最多的种子。普通杂草，红根杂草和大马草产生的种子比其他杂草种类多，而不管何时杂草相对于玉米生长。普通的羊腿产生的种子多于红根藜和大的马草。天气条件，杂草种类和杂草形成时间影响了由于杂草引起的玉米单产损失。在较凉的生长季节，普通的羊羔和绒毛对玉米的减产要比巨大的狐尾多。当在玉米种植中建立时，普通羊羔和绒毛在3年中有2年降低了玉米产量，而巨大的狐尾在3年中有1年降低了玉米产量。在2年1玉米出苗时，普通小羊降低了玉米产量。在3年的V3玉米中定植时，Velvetleaf降低了玉米产量。

著录项

  • 作者

    Guza, Corey James.;

  • 作者单位

    Michigan State University.;

  • 授予单位 Michigan State University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Agronomy.; Biology Plant Physiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 86 p.
  • 总页数 86
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 农学（农艺学）;植物学;
  • 关键词

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