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首页> 外文学位 >Ecology and evolution of the lionfish invasion of Caribbean coral reefs: Resistance, adaptation and impacts.
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Ecology and evolution of the lionfish invasion of Caribbean coral reefs: Resistance, adaptation and impacts.

机译：l鱼入侵加勒比珊瑚礁的生态和演变：抵抗，适应和影响。

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摘要

The lionfish (Pterois volitans) invasion of the Caribbean is a notable example of the successful establishment of a predatory marine fish outside of its native range. In 20 years lionfish have spread over most of Caribbean and the western Atlantic. Lionfish densities in their new range can be up to fifteen times higher than in their native range. On reefs in the Caribbean, lionfish reduce fish populations to the point that this invasive species is considered one of the top ten most serious emerging environmental issues in the world. Native prey can be vulnerable to consumption by exotic predators with which they lack an evolutionary history. Such prey naiveté has been assumed to be a major cause of extinction for endemic species. Yet prey naiveté has been tested rigorously in few cases and never in the marine environment. In Chapter 1 and 3 of my dissertation I used metrics of predator avoidance by small, native Caribbean and Pacific fishes to quantify their responses to lionfish. Field experiments and observations revealed that Caribbean native prey do not recognize of lionfish as a predator, indicating prey naiveté towards this exotic threat. In Chapter 2 and 4, I tested biotic and environmental resistance to the early success of the lionfish invasion in two Bahamian islands and the Belizean Mesoamerican Barrier Reef. Lionfish abundance was negatively related to large grouper biomass in Belize but not in the Bahamas. Wave exposure and marine protection from reef fishing were also negatively related to lionfish abundance and field observations suggested that high-energy of exposed environments might be the dominant determinant of the lionfish density pattern. The direct and indirect effects of lionfish on marine ecosystems in the Caribbean are of great concern for conservation. In Chapter 4 I assessed lionfish impacts on abundance and community structure of reef-fish at large spatial scales. Surveys at 15 sites located along the Belizean Mesoamerican Barrier Reef were performed before and after the lionfish invasion. A negative effect of lionfish abundance on the reef-fish abundance and community composition was detected only 2 years after first lionfish detection on Belizean coral reefs.
机译：l鱼（Pterois volitans）入侵加勒比地区是成功建立其本土范围以外的掠夺性海鱼的一个明显例子。在20年中，l鱼已遍布加勒比海和西大西洋的大部分地区。新范围内的鱼密度可以比其本地范围高15倍。在加勒比海的珊瑚礁上，l鱼使鱼类数量减少到这种入侵物种被认为是世界上十大最严重的新兴环境问题之一。本土猎物可能容易受到缺乏进化史的外来掠食者的消费。这种幼稚的物种被认为是当地特有物种灭绝的主要原因。然而，天真的猎物已经在少数情况下经过严格测试，并且从未在海洋环境中进行过测试。在我的论文的第1章和第3章中，我使用了小型本地加勒比海和太平洋鱼类避免捕食性的度量来量化它们对狮子鱼的反应。实地实验和观察发现，加勒比海本地猎物不承认fish鱼是捕食者，这表明捕食者天真地对待这种外来威胁。在第2章和第4章中，我测试了对to鱼在两个巴哈马群岛和伯利兹中美洲屏障礁中入侵的早期成功的生物和环境抵抗力。狮子鱼的丰度与伯利兹的大型石斑鱼生物量呈负相关，而与巴哈马的生物多样性没有负相关。海浪的暴露和珊瑚礁捕捞对海洋的保护也与fish鱼的丰度负相关，实地观察表明，暴露环境的高能量可能是ion鱼密度模式的主要决定因素。 conservation鱼对加勒比海洋生态系统的直接和间接影响引起人们极大的关注。在第4章中，我评估了fish鱼在大空间尺度上对珊瑚礁鱼的丰度和群落结构的影响。在invasion鱼入侵之前和之后，对沿伯利兹中美洲堡礁的15个地点进行了调查。在首次在伯利兹珊瑚礁上发现l鱼后仅两年，就检测到a鱼的丰度对珊瑚礁鱼的丰度和群落组成具有负面影响。

著录项

  • 作者

    Anton Gamazo, Andrea.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.;

  • 授予单位 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.;Biology Evolution and Development.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 131 p.
  • 总页数 131
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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