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首页> 外文学位 >Development of an integrated software/hardware platform for the detection of cerebral aneurysm rupture by quantifying bilirubin in cerebral spinal fluid.
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Development of an integrated software/hardware platform for the detection of cerebral aneurysm rupture by quantifying bilirubin in cerebral spinal fluid.

机译：通过量化脑脊髓液中的胆红素，开发用于检测脑动脉瘤破裂的集成软件/硬件平台。

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A cerebral aneurysm is a weakened portion of an artery in the brain. When a cerebral aneurysm ruptures, a specific type of bleeding known as a Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) occurs.; Currently, clinicians must rely upon a three-tiered pathway (clinical history, CT scan evidence, and lumbar puncture results), to diagnose SAH and differentiate it from a traumatic tap. To help the physicians distinguish between a traumatic spinal tap and a possible SAH, a fast and an effective point of care diagnostic instrument is required. This thesis describes the software and hardware components of such a diagnostic instrument.; Bilirubin, which results from the chemical decomposition of whole blood, can be detected by differentiating its optical signature from that of fresh blood. Since elevated levels of bilirubin occur starting 10--12 hours after a cerebral aneurysm rupture, the presence of bilrubin in a spinal fluid sample along with an intense and persistent headache can be a clear indicator of a probable SAH. In this thesis, a diagnostic system is implemented that is based on visible spectroscopy that quickly and objectively differentiates low-blood volume SAH from a traumatic spinal tap. The system integrates innovative hardware and powerful software interface. This technology provides clinicians, with the resources necessary for assessing patients with suspected aneurismal SAH beyond the current 12-hour limitation imposed by CT scans. Furthermore, this method improves patient care and results in rapid and appropriate treatment of the patient. To perform this diagnosis, bilirubin is quantified in human CSF over a range of concentrations.; The software component explored in this thesis includes algorithms in various domains, from statistical to a control theory based mathematical model. These algorithms account for the noise and distortion from metabolites in CSF and blood, leading to the quantification of bilirubin and methemoglobin spectroscopically. In addition, the configurations for a hardware platform are introduced, including a PC-spectrometer, which are portable and user-friendly and composed of specific components designed to have the required sensitivity and specificity. Finally, the prototype uses purpose built algorithms contained within the platform, such that physicians can use it in the hospital as a point of care diagnostic instrument. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
机译：脑动脉瘤是大脑中动脉的弱化部分。当脑动脉瘤破裂时，会发生称为蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）的特定类型的出血。当前，临床医生必须依靠三层途径（临床病史，CT扫描证据和腰椎穿刺结果）来诊断SAH并将其与创伤性水龙头区分开。为了帮助医生区分脊柱外伤和可能的SAH，需要一种快速有效的即时诊断工具。本文描述了这种诊断仪器的软件和硬件组件。胆红素是由全血的化学分解产生的，可以通过将其光学特征与新鲜血液的光学特征区分开来进行检测。由于脑动脉瘤破裂后10--12小时开始出现胆红素水平升高，因此脊髓液样本中胆红素的存在以及剧烈而持续的头痛可能是SAH可能的明确指标。在这篇论文中，实现了一种基于可见光谱的诊断系统，该系统可以快速，客观地将低血容量SAH与创伤性脊髓水龙头区分开。该系统集成了创新的硬件和强大的软件界面。该技术为临床医生提供了评估可疑动脉粥样硬化性SAH的患者所需的资源，超出了CT扫描当前的12小时限制。此外，该方法改善了患者的护理并导致对患者的快速和适当的治疗。为了进行该诊断，需要在一定浓度范围内对人脑脊液中的胆红素进行定量。本文探讨的软件组件包括从统计到基于控制理论的数学模型等各个领域的算法。这些算法考虑了脑脊液和血液中代谢产物的噪声和失真，从而导致了光谱学上对胆红素和高铁血红蛋白的定量分析。此外，还介绍了硬件平台的配置，包括PC光谱仪，该光谱仪便携式且用户友好，由旨在具有所需灵敏度和特异性的特定组件组成。最后，该原型使用平台中包含的专用算法，因此医生可以在医院中将其用作即时诊断工具。 （摘要由UMI缩短。）

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