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首页> 外文学位 >Differences among dry bean landraces and cultivars for seed yield, water use efficiency, and nutrient concentration in drought-stressed and non-stressed environments.
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Differences among dry bean landraces and cultivars for seed yield, water use efficiency, and nutrient concentration in drought-stressed and non-stressed environments.

机译：在干旱和非干旱环境下，干豆地方品种和品种在种子产量，水分利用效率和养分含量方面的差异。

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Intermittent or terminal drought is a worldwide constraint affecting over 60% of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production areas with losses ranging from 10 to 90%. The objective of this research was to determine the response of three dry bean landraces and 13 cultivars to drought stress. They were evaluated under non-stressed (NS) and drought-stressed (DS) environments at Kimberly, Idaho in 2003 and 2004. The NS received seven irrigation in 2003 and five in 2004, and DS only four in 2003 and two in 2004. Water use efficiency (WUE) was measured for six genotypes. Soil water potential was measured at 0.23, 0.46, and 0.92 m depths, and soil water content to 2 m depth 1 day before and 2 days after irrigation. Plant and seed concentration of N, P, K, Cu, Mn, and Zn were determined.; Most water use occurred within the top 0.5 m soil in both the NS and DS environments. Drought reduced mean seed yield by 62% in 2003 and by 27% in 2004. Seed yield over the two years was 2739 kg ha-1 in NS and 1683 kg ha-1 in DS, and WUE was 6.3 kg ha-1 mm-1 in NS and 5.9 kg ha-1 mm-1 in DS. Plant and seed concentration of N, P, and K were slightly reduced and those of Cu, Mn, and Zn increased due to drought stress. Plant and seed Zn concentration had the most marked increase in DS in both drought susceptible and tolerant genotypes. Common Red Mexican and Mesa had higher seed yield in both NS and DS, whereas Matterhorn and Othello yielded high in DS but moderately in NS. Othello and Common Red Mexican had the highest WUE under severe drought stress in 2003. NW 63 and UI 239 had intermediate drought tolerance. All early maturing genotypes except Othello (e.g., UI 59, US 1140, Common Pinto, Topaz, UI 320, and LeBaron) were susceptible to drought.; Drought tolerant genotypes may reduce irrigation by >20% in the western U.S.A. Research is needed for scheduling irrigation; determining tolerance mechanisms; identifying and mapping favorable alleles; and introgressing tolerance in superior cultivars for sustainable production.
机译：间歇性干旱或终末干旱是全球性的制约因素，影响了超过60％的干豆（菜豆）生产区，损失范围为10％至90％。这项研究的目的是确定三种干豆地方品种和13个品种对干旱胁迫的响应。他们在爱达荷州金伯利（Kimberly）于2003年和2004年在无压力（NS）和干旱（DS）环境下进行了评估。NS在2003年接受了7次灌溉，2004年接受了5次灌溉，在2003年仅接受了4次灌溉，2004年接受了2次。测量了六种基因型的水分利用效率（WUE）。在灌溉前1天和灌溉后2天分别测量深度为0.23、0.46和0.92 m的土壤水势，深度为2 m的土壤水分。测定了植物和种子中氮，磷，钾，铜，锰和锌的浓度。在NS和DS环境中，大多数用水都发生在0.5 m的最高土壤中。干旱使2003年的平均种子产量降低了62％，2004年降低了27％。两年中，NS的种子产量为2739 kg ha-1，DS的种子产量为1683 kg ha-1，WUE为6.3 kg ha-1 mm- NS中为1，DS中为5.9 kg ha-1 mm-1。由于干旱胁迫，氮，磷和钾的植物和种子的浓度略有降低，而铜，锰和锌的植物和种子的浓度有所增加。在干旱易感和耐性基因型中，植物和种子中锌的浓度在DS中的增加最为明显。普通红墨西哥州和梅萨州的NS和DS的种子产量较高，而Matterhorn和Othello的DS的产量高，但NS的中等。在严重干旱胁迫下，Othello和Common Red Mexican在2003年的WUE最高。NW63和UI 239具有中等的耐旱性。除奥赛罗之外的所有早熟基因型（例如，UI 59，US 1140，Common Pinto，Topaz，UI 320和LeBaron）都容易干旱。在美国西部，耐旱的基因型可能会使灌溉减少> 20％。确定容忍机制；鉴定和定位有利的等位基因；以及优良品种对可持续生产的耐性。

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