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首页> 外文学位 >Nutritional implications for oxidative status, immune function, and energy metabolism in transition dairy cows and relationships with postpartum performance and endometritis
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Nutritional implications for oxidative status, immune function, and energy metabolism in transition dairy cows and relationships with postpartum performance and endometritis

机译：营养对过渡型奶牛氧化状态，免疫功能和能量代谢的影响以及与产后性能和子宫内膜炎的关系

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摘要

Factors associated with a failure to adapt metabolic and physiological regulation during the transition period include oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, and imbalanced energy status. Those factors are not only correlated to each other, but also related to low performance and immune suppression, which leads to development of periparturient-related diseases such as cytological endometritis (CE). The objectives of this work were to investigate the: 1) effect of source of trace minerals on production, oxidative metabolism, and the incidence of CE; 2) effect of chromium propionate (Cr-Pro) supplementation on production, metabolism, and the incidence of CE; 3) effect of supplemental monensin and varying postpartum fermentable starch level on the incidence of CE and related immune functions; and 4) association of CE with energy metabolism and inflammation. The first experiment found that, compared to inorganic or organic sources, supplemental hydroxy trace minerals (HTM), a recently available source of trace minerals, improved aspects of milk production, modulated plasma indices of oxidative balance, and reduced plasma haptoglobin levels immediately after parturition, suggesting that HTM are more bioavailable and can affect the body system related to production, oxidative metabolism, and inflammatory responses. In experiment two, feeding Cr-Pro resulted in improved prepartum dry matter intake in addition to reduced prepartum plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), and decreased incidence of CE along with increased uterine neutrophil influx immediately after parturition. This implies that Cr-Pro can improve periparturient energy metabolism and uterine immunity. The third experiment revealed that innate immune responses were improved during the early postpartum period in cows fed high starch diets for 3 weeks after parturition, and during early lactation in cows fed monensin. Finally, analyses conducted indicated that negative energy balance during the first 3 weeks after parturition was a critical factor to develop CE because cows with CE had higher area under the curve of plasma NEFA and beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and lower calculated energy balance during that period compared to cows without CE. The findings obtained from this work give practical approaches to optimize overall performance in transition dairy cows and provide partial mechanisms for how oxidative status, metabolism, and energy balance interrelate.
机译：在过渡期内未能适应代谢和生理调节的相关因素包括氧化应激，代谢紊乱和能量状态失衡。这些因素不仅相互关联，而且与性能低下和免疫抑制有关，这导致了围产期相关疾病的发展，例如细胞内膜炎（CE）。这项工作的目的是调查：1）微量矿物质来源对生产，氧化代谢和CE发生的影响； 2）补充丙酸铬（Cr-Pro）对生产，代谢和CE发生的影响； 3）补充莫能菌素和改变产后可发酵淀粉水平对CE发病率和相关免疫功能的影响； 4）CE与能量代谢和炎症相关。第一个实验发现，与无机或有机来源相比，补充羟基痕量矿物质（HTM），最近可用的痕量矿物质来源，改善了牛奶生产的各个方面，调节了血浆氧化平衡指数，并在分娩后立即降低了血浆触珠蛋白水平，表明HTM具有更高的生物利用度，并且可以影响与生产，氧化代谢和炎症反应有关的人体系统。在实验二中，饲喂Cr-Pro不仅改善了产前血浆非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA），而且还改善了产前干物质的摄入，并降低了产后分娩后CE的发生以及子宫中性粒细胞大量涌入。这表明Cr-Pro可以改善围产期能量代谢和子宫免疫。第三个实验表明，分娩后3周，高淀粉饮食的母牛在产后早期，以及莫能菌素的早期泌乳期间，先天免疫反应得到改善。最后，进行的分析表明，分娩后前3周负能量平衡是发展CE的关键因素，因为具有CE的母牛在血浆NEFA和β-羟基丁酸曲线下的面积更大，而在此期间计算的能量平衡较低。与没有CE的母牛相比。从这项工作中获得的发现为优化过渡型奶牛的整体性能提供了实用的方法，并为氧化状态，新陈代谢和能量平衡之间的相互关系提供了部分机制。

著录项

  • 作者

    Yasui, Takashi.;

  • 作者单位

    Cornell University.;

  • 授予单位 Cornell University.;
  • 学科 Animal sciences.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2013
  • 页码 266 p.
  • 总页数 266
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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