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The enforcement of intellectual property rights in China and the United States: Law & society and criminological perspectives.

机译：中国和美国的知识产权执法：法律与社会和犯罪学观点。

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摘要

This dissertation, a comparative study of the enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPR) in the United States and China, focuses on the roles, characteristics, and consequences of criminal enforcement of IPR. Analysis reveals unexpected consequences of transplantation and use of Western intellectual property law in Chinese contexts. Above all, macro-level cultural, economic, political, and legal factors result in a general lack of IPR consciousness as natural and inalienable private property rights among Chinese.;Specifics of criminal enforcement in the United States and China have been influenced by several mid- and micro-level situational factors. In particular, sizable similarities across the foci of criminal enforcement in the United States and China indicate that economic conditions are determinant forces for not only the overall IP enforcement strength of a country, but also for enforcement targets. These economic conditions include the following: (a) vehement business lobbying and the consequent capture of enforcement agencies by a handful of top foreign trademark corporations; (b) the size and market concentration level of top firms in an industry; and (c) trade association lobbying efforts, including foreign copyright associations exerting pressure on China through trade negotiations. Political factors also frame the targets of criminal enforcement in China. These factors include state interference for tax interests in tobacco and alcohol industries and public policies to fight against counterfeits that pose health and safety threats. Political factors have a strong impact in China due to the close intertwining of politics and law and the absence of judicial independence. Under the influence of these economic and political factors, there is an overrepresentation in China of criminal IP cases involving a small number of large top foreign companies, state-owned enterprises in state-controlled industries, products carrying health or safety threats, and other regulated industries such as the publication industry.;A trend toward criminalization in China has arisen amidst strains on "system capacity." Analysis reveals that entrenched problems of the Chinese criminal judicial system and unfair and unequal enforcement issues have accompanied the increasing criminalization of IP infringement control. These findings support Sally Falk-Moore's observation that external legislative efforts often bring about unexpected consequences because of existing strength within more localized social structures and norms. Finally, this study offers recommendations concerning what China might learn from U.S. enforcement reform programs as China strives for more effective IP enforcement.
机译：本论文是对美国和中国知识产权执法的比较研究，着眼于知识产权刑事执法的作用，特点和后果。分析揭示了在中国背景下移植和使用西方知识产权法的意外后果。首先，宏观层面的文化，经济，政治和法律因素导致人们普遍缺乏知识产权意识，因为中国人享有自然和不可剥夺的私有财产权。；美国和中国的刑事执法细节受到了一些中期的影响。 -微观层面的情境因素。尤其是，美国和中国在刑事执法重点上的巨大相似之处表明，经济状况不仅是一国总体知识产权执法实力的决定因素，而且还是执法目标的决定因素。这些经济状况包括：（a）激烈的商业游说以及随之而来的少数顶级外国商标公司对执法机构的占领； （b）一个行业中顶尖企业的规模和市场集中度； （c）贸易协会的游说工作，包括外国版权协会通过贸易谈判对中国施加压力。政治因素也构成了中国刑事执法的目标。这些因素包括国家对烟草和酒精行业税收利益的干预，以及旨在打击对健康和安全构成威胁的假冒产品的公共政策。由于政治和法律的紧密联系以及缺乏司法独立性，政治因素在中国产生了巨大影响。在这些经济和政治因素的影响下，中国的刑事知识产权案件过多，涉及少数大型外国公司，国有控股的国有企业，对健康或安全构成威胁的产品以及其他受监管的产品。行业；例如出版业。；在“系统能力”紧张的情况下，中国的刑事定罪趋势已经出现。分析表明，伴随着知识产权侵权控制犯罪的日益增多，中国刑事司法制度中根深蒂固的问题以及不公正和不平等的执法问题。这些发现支持萨利·福尔克·摩尔（Sally Falk-Moore）的观点，即外部立法工作往往会带来意想不到的后果，这是因为本地化社会结构和规范中存在着强大的力量。最后，本研究提供了有关中国在努力提高知识产权执法效率方面可能会从美国执法改革计划中学到的建议。

著录项

  • 作者

    Liu, Haiyan.;

  • 作者单位

    Indiana University.;

  • 授予单位 Indiana University.;
  • 学科 Law.;Sociology General.;Sociology Criminology and Penology.;Intellectual Property.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 370 p.
  • 总页数 370
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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