• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文学位 >Environmental Life Cycle Criteria for Making Decisions about Green versus Toxic Propellant Selections.
【24h】

Environmental Life Cycle Criteria for Making Decisions about Green versus Toxic Propellant Selections.

机译：有关选择绿色与有毒推进剂的决定的环境生命周期标准。

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

Large uncertainties of performance and expense have been an on-going deterrent to serious consideration of less-toxic green propellants as alternatives to hydrazine for aerospace propulsion systems. Although candidate propellants may equal or even surpass the performance of current propellants, with environmental benefits that have been documented, life cycle trade analyses performed to date have not provided a sufficient business case for investment in such a significant infrastructural change. These analyses have been incomplete---typically focused on broad cost, performance, and risk characteristics, and have not taken into account the comparative costs associated with the environmental impacts of the alternatives. Environmental life cycle costs must be included in the analyses in order to understand the true costs incurred.;This research defines a set of environmental components to serve as criteria in life cycle cost analyses for propellant selection decisions. Based upon information gathered during visits to facilities responsible for each phase of the propellant life cycle, a detailed compilation of the environmental life cycle processes and related costs was constructed, including manufacturing and storage; general safety considerations; site control and access; air monitoring; personal protective equipment (PPE); decontamination procedures; transportation by rail, sea, air, and public highway; operations and maintenance; and end of life disposal.;Lending credence to the significance of the identified costs, a case study approach was implemented as a way to examine these environmental cost factors using real data. The case study for this effort was the PRISMA mission, which provided a one-to-one comparison between the baseline hydrazine to a High Performance Green Propellant (HPGP) system. This case study revealed a significant reduction in costs (∼;This analysis resulted in a sample model utilizing the significant cost factors previously identified that should be included in future total life cycle cost analyses. These cost categories (broken into operational cost and capital cost) should be identified for both the baseline option and the alternative option over the expected life of the propellant. The methodology best suited for incorporation of these identified environmental costs for decision-making is a customized cost-benefit analysis (CBA). This research has indicated that the biggest environmental cost drivers over the life cycle of the propellant are facility operations and maintenance, end of life disposal, and transportation. The costs associated with health and human safety protection while operating with hazardous materials are major cost drivers for propellant selection and present significant direct, indirect, and capital costs over the life of the propellant. These costs are critical, and must be included in the analyses for informed decision-making.;When environmental costs are included in the analysis, one can potentially bridge the gap between traditional investment and return on investment models in a timeframe that can be acceptable to investment decision-makers.
机译：性能和费用的巨大不确定性一直困扰着认真考虑将毒性较小的绿色推进剂作为航空航天推进系统中肼的替代品。尽管候选推进剂可能等于或什至超过当前推进剂的性能，但已证明其具有环境效益，但迄今为止进行的生命周期贸易分析仍未提供足够的商业理由来进行如此重大的基础设施投资。这些分析是不完整的-通常侧重于广泛的成本，绩效和风险特征，而没有考虑与替代品的环境影响相关的比较成本。分析中必须包括环境生命周期成本，以便了解实际发生的成本。本研究定义了一组环境要素，以作为生命周期成本分析中用于推进剂选择决策的标准。根据对推进剂生命周期各个阶段负责的设施进行访问期间收集的信息，对环境生命周期过程和相关成本进行了详细汇编，包括制造和储存；一般安全考虑；现场控制和访问；空气监测；个人防护装备（PPE）；消毒程序；铁路，海运，空运和公共公路运输；运营和维护;并相信已确定成本的重要性，因此采用了案例研究方法，作为使用实际数据检查这些环境成本因素的一种方法。这项工作的案例研究是PRISMA任务，该任务提供了基线肼与高性能绿色推进剂（HPGP）系统之间的一对一比较。该案例研究表明成本显着降低（〜；该分析得出的样本模型利用了先前确定的重大成本因素，应将其包括在将来的总生命周期成本分析中。这些成本类别（分为运营成本和资本成本）应当在推进剂的预期寿命内确定基线选择方案和替代选择方案，最适合将这些确定的环境成本纳入决策的方法是定制的成本效益分析（CBA）。推进剂生命周期中最大的环境成本驱动因素是设施的运营和维护，报废处理和运输。使用危险材料时与健康和人类安全保护相关的成本是推进剂选择和使用的主要成本驱动因素整个生命周期中的大量直接，间接和资本成本llant。这些成本是至关重要的，必须将其包括在分析中以做出明智的决策。当环境成本包括在分析中时，可以潜在地弥合传统投资与投资回报模型之间的差距，而该时间框架是可接受的。投资决策者。

著录项

  • 作者

    Johnson, Christyl C.;

  • 作者单位

    The George Washington University.;

  • 授予单位 The George Washington University.;
  • 学科 Environmental Sciences.;Engineering System Science.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 114 p.
  • 总页数 114
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号