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首页> 外文学位 >The influence of selected novel glucose-based polymers on nutrient digestion, glycemic and insulinemic responses, colonic fermentation characteristics, and ileal and colonic microflora concentrations in the adult canine and (or) human.
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The influence of selected novel glucose-based polymers on nutrient digestion, glycemic and insulinemic responses, colonic fermentation characteristics, and ileal and colonic microflora concentrations in the adult canine and (or) human.

机译：选择的新型葡萄糖基聚合物对成年犬和（或）人的营养物质消化，血糖和胰岛素反应，结肠发酵特性以及回肠和结肠菌群浓度的影响。

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摘要

The main objective of this research was to characterize the nutritional effects of including pullulans and 7-cyclodextrin in the diet of healthy adult canines and humans. Pullulan is a linear homopolysaccharide of glucose that is an alpha-1,6 linked polymer of maltotriose subunits. Pullulan is synthesized intracellularly and secreted by the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans . Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides composed of alpha-1,4-glycosidic-linked glucose residues. There are three major types of cyclodextrins categorized by number of glucose molecules: alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins are composed of six, seven, and eight glucose units, respectively. Cyclodextrins are produced from hydrolyzed starch syrups via enzymatic conversion using cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases. Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases are amylolytic enzymes produced naturally by various strains of Bacillus (e.g., B. macerans, B. circulans, and B. firmus). Both the digestible and fermentable portions of pullulans and gamma-cyclodextrin were evaluated. To accomplish this objective, Study 1 was designed to determine the effects of pullulans and gamma-cyclodextrin as components of a complete enteral diet on apparent ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility and fecal characteristics, and to determine the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses of pullulans in healthy, adult, nondiabetic dogs. Study 2 was designed to determine the postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response, carbohydrate malabsorption, and gastrointestinal tolerance of low molecular weight pullulan in nondiabetic, healthy, adult humans. Similar data exist on high molecular weight pullulan. Study 3 determined the effects of low doses of supplemental pullulan and gamma-cyclodextrin on food intake, apparent ileal and total tract nutrient digestibilities, microbial populations, and fecal characteristics of dogs. Study 4 was designed to evaluate the fermentation characteristics (gas and short-chain fatty acid production, pH change) of select glucose-based polymers by fecal microflora from healthy adult dogs and humans. Novel incompletely digestible, glucose-based nonstructural carbohydrates varied in their ability to affect nutrient digestion, fecal characteristics, glycemic index, colonic microflora, and fermentation characteristics. The variation in response was due to differences in chemical structure, molecular weight, degree of polymerization, bonding pattern, and stereochemistry. Functional ingredients will no doubt be a topic of increased importance as the links between nutrition and health of humans and companion animals are established and clarified.
机译：这项研究的主要目的是表征健康成人犬和人饮食中包括支链淀粉和7-环糊精的营养作用。支链淀粉是葡萄糖的线性同多糖，其是麦芽三糖亚基的α-1，6连接的聚合物。支链淀粉是细胞内合成的，并由真菌Aureobasidium pullulans分泌。环糊精是由α-1,4-糖苷连接的葡萄糖残基组成的环状寡糖。环糊精按葡萄糖分子的数量分为三种主要类型：α-，β-和γ-环糊精分别由六个，七个和八个葡萄糖单元组成。环糊精由水解淀粉糖浆通过使用环糊精糖基转移酶的酶促转化产生。环糊精糖基转移酶是由芽孢杆菌的各种菌株（例如，Macerans芽孢杆菌，Circulans芽孢杆菌和坚定芽孢杆菌）自然产生的淀粉分解酶。评估了支链淀粉和γ-环糊精的可消化和可发酵部分。为了实现这一目标，研究1旨在确定作为完整肠内饮食成分的支链淀粉和γ-环糊精对表观回肠和总道养分消化率和粪便特性的影响，并确定支链淀粉在餐后的血糖和胰岛素反应。健康，成年，非糖尿病犬。研究2用于确定非糖尿病，健康成年人的餐后血糖和胰岛素反应，碳水化合物吸收不良以及低分子量支链淀粉的胃肠道耐受性。高分子量支链淀粉也有类似数据。研究3确定了低剂量补充支链淀粉和γ-环糊精对狗的食物摄入，表观回肠和总道养分消化率，微生物种群和粪便特性的影响。研究4旨在评估粪便菌群对健康成年犬和人的精选葡萄糖基聚合物的发酵特性（气体和短链脂肪酸生成，pH值变化）。新型不完全消化的，基于葡萄糖的非结构性碳水化合物在影响营养消化，粪便特性，血糖指数，结肠菌群和发酵特性方面的能力各不相同。响应的变化是由于化学结构，分子量，聚合度，键合模式和立体化学的差异。随着人类和伴侣动物的营养与健康之间的联系得到建立和阐明，功能成分无疑将成为越来越重要的话题。

著录项

  • 作者

    Spears, Julie Kristine.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;

  • 授予单位 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.;
  • 学科 Health Sciences Nutrition.; Agriculture Animal Culture and Nutrition.; Biology Animal Physiology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 153 p.
  • 总页数 153
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 预防医学、卫生学;饲料;生理学;
  • 关键词

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