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The impact of the domestication and cultivation of maize on the origin and evolution of Ustilago maydis.

机译：玉米的驯化和栽培对玉米til的起源和进化的影响。

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摘要

Hypotheses for the origin of agricultural crop pathogen species and their population structure have focused almost solely on the impact of current agricultural practices. Ironically, although much effort has been expended in understanding the evolution of crop species and the genetic consequences of domestication in crops, similar historical contingencies have been largely ignored in understanding the evolution of crop pathogens. I investigated the effects of the domestication and cultivation of maize on the origin and evolution of Ustilago maydis , a fungal pathogen of maize and the wild ancestors of maize, the teosintes. First, to determine whether agriculture played a role in the origin of U. maydis, I used phylogenetic methods to date the divergences of U. maydis from its allied taxa. The calculated dates for these divergences were millions of years prior to the domestication of maize, which occurred approximately 10,000 years ago, indicating U. maydis did not originate as a result of agriculture. Second, in order to evaluate the effects of domestication and agriculture of maize on the population structure on U. maydis, I developed simple sequence repeat markers and used these to genotype collections from maize and the teosintes in Mexico, and from maize in South America and the United States. Population genetic analyses of these data resulted in the identification of five genetically distinct populations: one in the United States, two in Mexico, and two in South America. One of the populations in Mexico was comprised solely of collections from one teosinte population, while the other population in Mexico was comprised of collections from maize and the teosintes, suggesting the latter population is a descendent of teosinte-infecting populations that were carried through the domestication event. The patterns of genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium and genetic bottlenecks in these populations suggest that, like maize, U. maydis originated in Mexico, was later founded in South America, and was most recently founded in the United States. Together, my data indicate that U. maydis has coevolved with maize through the domestication and cultivation of maize.
机译：关于农作物病原体物种起源及其种群结构的假设几乎只集中在当前农业做法的影响上。具有讽刺意味的是，尽管在了解农作物物种的进化和农作物驯化的遗传后果方面已付出了很大的努力，但在了解农作物病原体的进化中，类似的历史偶然性却被很大程度上忽略了。我研究了玉米的驯化和栽培对玉米til的起源和进化的影响，玉米til是玉米的真菌病原体，也是玉米的野生祖先Teosintes。首先，为了确定农业是否在美利坚合众国的起源中发挥作用，我使用了系统发育方法来确定美利坚合众国与其盟友的分类单元之间的差异。这些差异的计算日期是大约在10,000年前的玉米驯化之前的数百万年，这表明Maydis并不是源自农业。其次，为了评估玉米的驯化和农业对美利坚合众国种群结构的影响，我开发了简单的序列重复标记并将其用于从墨西哥的玉米和端粒，以及南美和美国的玉米的基因型收集中美国。对这些数据进行人口遗传分析后，鉴定出五个遗传上不同的种群：一个在美国，两个在墨西哥和两个在南美。墨西哥的一个种群仅由一个teosinte种群的收集物组成，而墨西哥的另一个种群由玉米和teosintes的收集物构成，这表明后者是通过驯化携带的teosinte感染种群的后代。事件。这些人群的遗传多样性，连锁不平衡和遗传瓶颈的模式表明，像玉米一样，梅迪斯起源于墨西哥，后来在南美成立，最近在美国成立。总的来说，我的数据表明，马氏杆菌通过玉米的驯化和栽培与玉米一起发展。

著录项

  • 作者

    Munkacsi, Andrew Brett.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Minnesota.;

  • 授予单位 University of Minnesota.;
  • 学科 Biology Genetics.; Agriculture Plant Pathology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 177 p.
  • 总页数 177
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 遗传学;植物病理学;
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:42:27

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