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首页> 外文学位 >Active host choice and parasitism by Cuscuta gronovii: Its effects on host individuals, populations and mutualistic interactions.
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Active host choice and parasitism by Cuscuta gronovii: Its effects on host individuals, populations and mutualistic interactions.

机译：Cu菜（Cuscuta gronovii）的主动寄主选择和寄生：对寄主个体，种群和相互影响的影响。

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Parasitic plants constitute a diverse group of organisms regarding their germination requirements, growth form, dispersal, mode of parasitism and foraging behavior. Several studies have shown that parasitic plants affect the fitness of their host by controlling water or nutrient uptake, inducing physiological changes and/or altering allocation patterns. However less is known of how parasitic plants affect the population properties of their host plants. My dissertation research focuses on the genus Cuscuta (dodder), a highly holoparasitic plant that exhibits active host choice. I particularly examined: (1) the patterns and mechanisms underlying the development of size inequality of parasitized populations, (2) the mechanisms underlying active host choice of dodder, and (3) the dynamics of the tri-trophic interaction between mycorrhizal fungi, dodder and their plant hosts. I've examined these questions on a series of greenhouse experiments using the following systems: Cuscuta gronovii-Pilea pumila and Cuscuta gronovii-Bidens cernua-Glomus claroideum. The results of these studies show that size dependent parasitism and compensation at the population level are the mechanisms underlying the increase of size inequality on parasitized plant populations. Dodder is able to discriminate among potential hosts and choose the tallest ones within the population at least fifteen days prior to parasitism. By means of host choice experiments I was able to document that active host choice occurs toward tall hosts; and that the extend of parasitism and of dodder fitness increased in tall and non mycorrhizal hosts. The effects of dodder on host individuals are dependent on the length of parasitism; dodder causes a drastic reduction on vegetative and reproductive parameters on early attacked hosts compared to those attacked later. This clearly indicates that active host choice, time of parasitism and the responses of unaffected plants constitute important factors on the evaluation of the effects of parasitism at the individual and population levels.
机译：就其发芽要求，生长形式，扩散，寄生模式和觅食行为而言，寄生植物构成了各种各样的生物。多项研究表明，寄生植物通过控制水或养分的吸收，诱导生理变化和/或改变分配方式来影响其寄主的健康。然而，关于寄生植物如何影响其寄主植物的种群特性的知之甚少。我的论文研究集中在Cu类（（丝）属，一种高度全寄生的植物，表现出活跃的寄主选择。我特别研究了：（1）寄生虫种群规模不平等发展的模式和机制，（2）host丝虫主动寄主选择的机理，以及（3）菌根真菌，do丝虫之间三营养相互作用的动力学和他们的植物宿主。我已经使用以下系统在一系列温室实验中研究了这些问题：:菜（Cuscuta gronovii-Pilea pumila）和Cu菜（Cuscuta gronovii-Bidens cernua-Glomus claroideum）。这些研究的结果表明，在种群水平上依赖于大小的寄生和补偿是寄生在植物种群上的大小不平等增加的根本机制。多德德能够在寄生前至少十五天，在潜在宿主之间进行区分并选择种群中最高的宿主。通过主机选择实验，我能够证明主动主机选择是针对高主机的。高和非菌根宿主的寄生性和and丝适应性增加。 host变对寄主个体的影响取决于寄生虫的长度。与早期攻击的宿主相比，落会使早期攻击的宿主的营养和生殖参数急剧降低。这清楚地表明，主动寄主的选择，寄生的时间和未受影响植物的反应是评估寄生虫在个体和种群水平上影响的重要因素。

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