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首页> 外文学位 >Balancing biodiversity and human land use: Effects of fire, grazing and harvest on plant individuals, populations and communities in the Western Ghats, India.
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Balancing biodiversity and human land use: Effects of fire, grazing and harvest on plant individuals, populations and communities in the Western Ghats, India.

机译：平衡生物多样性和人类土地利用：火灾，放牧和收获对印度西高止山脉的植物个体，种群和社区的影响。

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摘要

Effective conservation of the world's remaining diversity requires determining to what degree preservation of biodiversity is compatible with meeting human needs. However, there is still a limited scientific understanding of the compatibility and trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and human land use. I used the case study of wild mountain date palm ( Phoenix loureiri Kunth) in savanna woodland ecosystems of India's Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot to investigate the ecological effects and conservation implications of fire, grazing and palm leaf harvest -- three widespread and commonly co-occurring forms of land management activities in the tropics. I integrated results from a manipulative experiment, a regional observational study and mathematical models to determine how the effects of and interactions among these activities scale from palm individuals to populations to plant communities. I found that mountain date palm populations exhibited resilience to fire and low intensities of harvest and grazing, indicating a high potential for sustainable harvest. Individual-level compensatory growth, vegetative reproduction and density-dependent survival contributed to palm population resilience to disturbance. At the community level, areas managed for palm leaf harvest and livestock grazing retained similar levels of plant species and functional diversity to areas protected from these activities. However, the combined effects of fire, wild plant harvest and livestock grazing were associated with reduced tree cover and diversity and increased understory diversity. I also found evidence for a trade-off between maximizing the growth of mountain date palm populations and maximizing tree species diversity, mediated by the relationship between fire and canopy openness. Overall, my results suggest that human-managed savanna woodlands can both support mountain date palm leaf harvest and contribute to conservation objectives. Promoting a mosaic of land management practices would be an effective way to balance the need to preserve plant diversity with the potential for these ecosystems to contribute to the livelihoods of local people. Protected areas with reduced human land use may more effectively conserve tree cover and tree diversity, while areas managed for plant harvest and livestock grazing could still maintain substantial overall plant diversity and provide connectivity between protected areas, while additionally providing benefits to local people.
机译：有效保护世界上剩余的多样性需要确定对生物多样性的保护与满足人类需求相适应的程度。但是，对生物多样性保护与人类土地利用之间的兼容性和权衡取舍的科学认识仍然有限。我以印度西高止山脉生物多样性热点的稀树草原林地生态系统中的野山枣椰树（Phoenix loureiri Kunth）为例，研究了火，放牧和棕榈叶收获的生态效应和保护意义-这是三种普遍且共同发生的现象热带地区土地管理活动的形式。我整合了操作实验，区域观察研究和数学模型的结果，以确定这些活动的效果和相互作用如何从棕榈个体到种群再到植物群落。我发现山枣棕榈种群显示出对火的抵抗力，并且收割和放牧强度低，这表明可持续收割潜力很大。个体水平的补偿性生长，无性繁殖和依赖密度的生存有助于棕榈种群抗干扰能力的增强。在社区一级，管理棕榈叶收获和放牧牲畜的地区保持着与受到这些活动保护的地区相似的植物种类和功能多样性。但是，火灾，野生植物收获和牲畜放牧的综合影响与树木覆盖率和多样性降低以及林下多样性增加有关。我还发现有证据表明，在山火和树冠开放度之间的关系介导的情况下，要在最大化山枣棕榈种群的增长与最大化树种多样性之间进行权衡。总的来说，我的结果表明，由人管理的热带稀树草原既可以支持山枣棕榈叶的采伐，又可以达到保护目标。促进土地管理做法的结合将是平衡保护植物多样性的需要与这些生态系统为当地人民谋生的潜力之间平衡的有效途径。减少人类土地使用的保护区可能更有效地保护树木和树木的多样性，而管理植物收割和放牧的区域仍然可以保持植物的总体多样性，并在保护区之间建立联系，同时还为当地人民带来利益。

著录项

  • 作者

    Mandle, Lisa.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Hawai'i at Manoa.;

  • 授予单位 University of Hawai'i at Manoa.;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.;Asian Studies.;Biology Botany.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 238 p.
  • 总页数 238
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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