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An analysis of the improvements in yield and yield related-components of winter wheat cultivars in the Southern Great Plains from 1971-2008.

机译：1971-2008年南部大平原冬小麦品种产量和产量相关成分的改善分析。

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摘要

Twenty-eight semi-dwarf winter wheat cultivars released and grown in the Southern Great Plains in the period 1971 to 2008 were evaluated for genetic progress in grain yield and associated changes for eight yield-related components i.e., grain yield, thousand kernel weight, kernels per spike, kernels per square meter, harvest index, biomass per fertile tiller, spikes per square meter and quality. Cultivars were evaluated in four locations: two locations in Oklahoma and two locations in Kansas in 2010 and 2011 crop growing seasons, following the procedure of a split plot design with three replications. Level of fungicide treatment was the main plot and cultivars were the subplot. In all locations, there was no significant difference between fungicide treated and untreated plots. Cultivars were significantly different for all traits included in this study indicating considerable amount of variation among cultivars for each character. A significant yield increase of 12.27 kg/ha/year was recorded across all locations. Of the yield components, kernels per square meter and kernels per spike showed significant progress across locations and years, while thousand kernel weight declined over the years. Harvest index and biomass per productive tiller showed no significant change. The association study between grain yield and yield related components revealed that kernels per square meter and kernels per spike had a significant contribution on the genetic gain in grain yield. Thousand kernel weight showed a significant negative correlation with kernels per square meter and kernels per spike. Trend analysis revealed that even though harvest index and biomass showed little change, a linear trend was significant. Linear and quadratic trends were significant for kernels per square meter, kernels per spike, and thousand kernel weight. These results indicated that kernels per square meter and kernels per spike perhaps approached the leveling off, and thousand kernel weight started to decline. The negative association between individual kernel weight and kernel number per unit area indicated that any further yield improvement via kernel number will make individual kernel weight smaller. Modern cultivars included in this study have high kernel number per unit area and high grain yield, but have inferior kernel weight when compared with the older cultivars.
机译：对1971年至2008年在南部大平原释放并生长的28个半矮冬小麦品种的籽粒产量进行了遗传进展评估，并评估了与产量相关的八个成分的相关变化，即籽粒产量，千粒重，籽粒每个穗数，籽粒每平方米，收获指数，每个可耕分till的生物量，穗每平方米和质量。在采用三个重复的样地设计程序之后，在四个地点对品种进行了评估：在俄克拉荷马州的两个地点和堪萨斯州的两个地点，分别在2010年和2011年的作物生长季节。杀菌剂处理的水平是主要的情节，而栽培品种是次要的情节。在所有位置，经杀真菌剂处理的地块与未经处理的地块之间没有显着差异。这项研究包括的所有性状的品种差异显着，表明每个字符的品种之间存在相当大的差异。在所有地点记录的单产均大幅提高了12.27千克/公顷/年。在产量组成中，每平方米籽粒和每个穗粒的籽粒在不同地点和年份均表现出显着进步，而这些年来千粒重的下降。收获指数和每个生产性耕作的生物量无明显变化。谷物产量与产量相关成分之间的关​​联研究表明，每平方米籽粒和每个穗粒的籽粒对谷物产量的遗传增益有重要贡献。千粒重与每平方米粒数和每个峰值的粒数呈显着负相关。趋势分析表明，即使收获指数和生物量变化不大，线性趋势也很明显。线性和二次趋势对于每平方米的籽粒，每个峰值的籽粒和千粒重而言都是重要的。这些结果表明，每平方米的籽粒和每个峰值的籽粒可能趋于平稳，并且千粒重开始下降。个体粒重与每单位面积粒数之间的负相关关系表明，通过粒数进一步提高产量将使个体粒重变小。本研究中包括的现代品种单位面积籽粒数量高，谷物产量高，但与较早的品种相比，籽粒重量较差。

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  • 作者

    Andarge, Berhanu Mamo.;

  • 作者单位

    Oklahoma State University.;

  • 授予单位 Oklahoma State University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Plant Culture.;Agriculture General.
  • 学位 M.Agr.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 60 p.
  • 总页数 60
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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