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Chlorella sp.: Lipid extracted algae utilization of algae biodiesel co-products as an alternative protein feed in animal production.

机译：小球藻：脂质提取的藻类利用藻类生物柴油副产品作为动物生产中的替代蛋白质饲料。

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摘要

In order to explore some of the potential uses of algae co-products for animal nutrition, a project was designed to determine the effects of the lipid-extracted algal meal as a component of finishing rations for ruminant and monogastric livestock. The main project consisted of two studies that were conducted at the Colorado State University Agriculture Research, Development, and Education Center (ARDEC) facilities. Both studies were conducted for 28 days, with 8 animals per treatment. Both studies had similar diet nutritional profile to a diet of a traditional commercial finishing facility.;The first study used crossbred wethers (n = 40; initial BW = 45.3 kg +/- 3.5) in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effects of titrated concentrations of algal meal as a protein supplement on live performance, live health status and carcass characteristics. Wethers were randomly assigned to one of the 5 treatments and blocked by time that they began the trial (ten animals per block). Treatments included: 1.) a control diet with soybean meal and rice meal as protein supplementation sources (CON); 2.) 5% of algae meal on a DM basis (5%AM); 3.) 10% of algae meal on a DM basis (10%AM); 4.) 15% of algae meal on a DM basis (15%AM); and 5.) 20% of algae meal on a DM (20%AM); All diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous.;Research results suggest that feeding up to 20% of algae co-product meal as a replacement protein source to finishing wethers is feasible with limited impact on performance and carcass characteristics as compared to the standard protein sources that have been used by the industry. Further research may be necessary to determine the response of different levels of supplementation of algal meal for sheep, effects on animals in a different physiological stage or effects on other ruminants in the finishing diet on performance and carcass merit.;The second study used crossbred barrows (n = 40; initial BW = 42.3 kg +/- 3.4) in a randomized complete block design to evaluate the effect of different levels of protein supplementation on live performance, live health status and carcass characteristics. Barrows were blocked by time of start on treatments and randomly assigned to one of the 5 treatments. Treatments included: 1.) a control diet with soybean meal as protein supplementation sources (CON); 2.) 5% of algae meal on a DM basis (5% AM); 3.) 10% of algae meal on a DM basis (10% AM); 4.) 15% of algae meal on a DM (15% AM); and 5.) 20% of algae meal on a DM basis (20% AM); All diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. All pigs were fed a typical high concentrate dried whole corn based finishing diet once daily in individual pens at to the Colorado State University Agricultural Research, Development and Education Center (ARDEC). Pigs were individually weighed on d -1, 0, 21, and 28. On d 21, pigs were transported to the ARDEC metabolism facility for the metabolic phase of the study. A lumbar spinal tumor was discovered in one of the animals fed the 15% AM treatment and it had to be removed from the study and euthanized. On day 28, barrows were transported to a commercial abattoir for harvest. Initial and final BW, average daily gain (ADG) for feedlot period, ADG for metabolism period, and gain:feed were significantly different (P ≤ 0.01) across treatments, with greater performance values encountered in the CON group and lesser values in the 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% AM. Furthermore, hot carcass weight, unribbed carcass weight, ham, loin, belly, butt, shoulder, feet, total parts, carcass length, ham circumference, and lion eye area were also decreased (P < 0.01) as the concentration of AM in the ration increased above %% of the ration DM. Last rib fat, last lumbar vertebrae fat, first rib fat, belly thickness, 10th rib fat, LE L, LE a*, LE b*, marbling score and color score were similar ( P ≥ 0.17) across treatments. These data suggest that feeding up to 20% of algae co-product meal to finishing pigs has a negative impact on performance and carcass characteristics as compared to the standard protein sources that have been used by the industry. Further research may be necessary to determine the response of different levels of supplementation of algal meal for pigs and other monogastric species, effects on animals in a different physiological stage and maximal tolerable levels of algae co-product supplementation.
机译：为了探索藻类副产品在动物营养中的某些潜在用途，设计了一个项目来确定将脂质提取的藻粉作为反刍动物和单胃牲畜的定量配给的一部分的效果。主要项目包括在科罗拉多州立大学农业研究，开发和教育中心（ARDEC）的设施进行的两项研究。两项研究均进行了28天，每次处理8只动物。两项研究的饮食营养特征均与传统商业肥育设施的饮食相似。;第一项研究在随机完整块设计中使用杂种小麦（n = 40；初始体重= 45.3 kg +/- 3.5）来评估滴定浓度的藻粉作为蛋白质补充剂，可以改善生活表现，生活健康状况和car体特征。 Wethers被随机分配到5种处理方法之一，并在它们开始试验的时间被阻止（每块10只动物）。治疗方法包括：1.）以大豆粉和米粉作为蛋白质补充源（CON）的对照饮食； 2.）5％的藻粉，以DM为基础（5％AM）； 3.）以干物质为基础的10％藻粉（10％AM）； 4.）以干物质为基础的15％藻粉（15％AM）； 5.）在DM（20％AM）上添加20％的藻粉；所有日粮均采用等热量和等氮的配方;研究结果表明，与标准蛋白相比，饲喂多达20％的藻类副产品粉作为替代蛋白来源以整理猪油是可行的，并且对性能和car体特性的影响有限业已使用的资源。可能有必要进行进一步的研究以确定不同水平的绵羊羊粉补充剂的反应，对处于不同生理阶段的动物的影响或对最终饮食中其他反刍动物的性能和car体性能的影响。第二项研究使用杂种公猪（n = 40；初始体重= 42.3 kg +/- 3.4），采用随机完整区组设计，以评估不同水平的蛋白质补充对存活性能，存活健康状况和cas体特征的影响。手推车在开始治疗时就被堵塞，并随机分配给5种治疗之一。治疗包括：1.）以豆粕作为蛋白质补充源（CON）的对照饮食； 2.）以DM为基础（5％AM）的5％藻粉； 3.）以干物质为基础的10％藻粉（上午10％）； 4.）在DM（15％AM）上摄取15％的藻粉； 5.）以干物质为基础（20％AM）的藻粉的20％；所有饮食均配制为等热量和等氮的。每天一次在科罗拉多州立大学农业研究，发展和教育中心（ARDEC）用单独的围栏给所有猪饲喂典型的高浓缩干燥全玉米干精制日粮。在第-1、0、21和28天分别称重猪。在第21天，将猪运到ARDEC代谢设施进行研究的代谢阶段。在其中一只接受15％AM治疗的动物中发现了腰椎肿瘤，必须将其从研究中移除并实施安乐死。在第28天，将公猪运送到商业屠场收获。初始和最终体重，肥育期平均日增重（ADG），代谢期平均增重（ADG）和增重：饲料之间的差异显着（P≤0.01），CON组的表现值较高，而5组的值较低％，10％，15％和20％AM。此外，随着AM浓度增加，热hot体重量，无肋骨car体重量，火腿，腰部，腹部，屁股，肩膀，脚，总部位，car体长度，火腿周长和狮子眼面积也降低了（P <0.01）。比例增加超过DM比例的%%。在所有治疗中，最后肋骨脂肪，最后腰椎脂肪，第一肋骨脂肪，腹部厚度，第十肋骨脂肪，LE L，LE a *，LE b *，大理石花纹得分和颜色得分相似（P≥0.17）。这些数据表明，与该行业使用的标准蛋白质来源相比，向育肥猪饲喂多达20％的藻类副产品粉会对生产性能和car体特性产生负面影响。可能有必要进行进一步的研究以确定不同水平的猪和其他单胃物种补充藻粉的反应，对处于不同生理阶段的动物的影响以及最大容许水平的藻类副产物补充量。

著录项

  • 作者

    Dib, Marco.;

  • 作者单位

    Colorado State University.;

  • 授予单位 Colorado State University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture Animal Culture and Nutrition.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2012
  • 页码 101 p.
  • 总页数 101
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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