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Exploring the Effects of Communication Framed by Environmental Concern in Informal Science Education Contexts.

机译：探索在非正式科学教育语境中环境关注框架下的沟通效果。

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摘要

Informal science education (ISE) venues such as zoos, nature centers, parks, and natural history museums play a critical role in allowing the general public to learn scientific concepts (National Research Council, 2009; 2010). Most adult learning of scientific concepts takes place outside of classrooms and away from work (Rennie and Williams, 2006). It is also true that zoos and natural history museums have stated missions regarding conveying concepts related to the conservation of our natural resources (Krishtalka and Humphrey, 2000; Patrick, Mathews, Ayers, and Tunicliffe, 2007). Theoretically, the successful communication of the desired message of these ISE institutions would inspire a more informed citizenry on the use and conservation of our natural resources. Framing communication is to present a topic in a manner that promote a specific view of the information. Effectively framing information can be an avenue to achieving the goal of ISE institutions (Chong & Druckman, 2007; Nisbet, 2009). Shultz and Zelezny (2003) posit that messages framed by egoistic concerns, concerns which focus on the individual, will be better received by the general public, leading to a greater likelihood for them to become engaged.;This dissertation reports on a series of descriptive mixed methods studies conducted at a zoo, a natural history museum, and a science center, exploring the framing effects of communications framed by environmental concern (Schultz, 2001). In two of the studies the researcher examined the relationship between individuals' perceptions of the overlap between their lives and nature, their levels of environmental concern, and their preferences for statements designed to align with the types of environmental concern (i.e. egoistic, social-altruistic, and biospheric). Two studies were conducted using a quasi-experimental design in which the researcher randomly assigned messages framed by environmental concern while also taking measurements of prior involvement. A measure of future intention was taken to allow for comparison between messages. Lastly, interviews of visitors to a science center were conducted to uncover a deeper understanding of the results from the previous four studies.;Findings suggest that while there is a relationship between individuals' feeling of overlap between nature and their level of environmental concern they are two separate psychological constructs. Visitors prefer the biospheric framed statement regardless of their level of concern or feeling of overlap with nature. Shultz and Zelezney's (2003) assertion regarding the effectiveness of egoistic framed messages was refuted by the results of the quasi-experimental studies, in which participants who received the biospheric framed messages expressed a significantly greater intent to engage in environmentally friendly behaviors than those who received the egoistic framed messages.;Implications to theory from these results include that there is little evidence to support visiting a zoo increases one's feeling of closeness with nature, however it does seem that individuals' levels of biospheric concern increases, perhaps temporarily, by a form of perspective taking which occurs during the visit. Implications to practice include the need to consider context when developing a message (e.g. a visit to the zoo as opposed to a visit to a botanical garden). Future research suggested includes comparing samples gathered from other venues (e.g. sporting events), the need for research on memory or retention of these messages long term, and the need for studies on repeated exposure to messages over time.
机译：诸如动​​物园，自然中心，公园和自然历史博物馆之类的非正式科学教育（ISE）场所在让公众学习科学概念方面发挥着至关重要的作用（国家研究委员会，2009； 2010）。大多数成人对科学概念的学习都是在教室之外而不是在工作场所进行的（Rennie和Williams，2006年）。确实，动物园和自然历史博物馆已经就传播与保护自然资源有关的概念发表了任务（Krishtalka和Humphrey，2000年； Patrick，Mathews，Ayers和Tunicliffe，2007年）。从理论上讲，这些ISE机构所期望信息的成功交流将激发公民对我们的自然资源的使用和保护更加了解。框架式交流是以促进信息的特定视角的方式呈现主题。有效地构建信息框架可以成为实现ISE机构目标的途径（Chong＆Druckman，2007； Nisbet，2009）。 Shultz and Zelezny（2003）认为，以利己主义关注，关注个人的关注为框架的信息将更容易被公众接受，从而使他们更可能参与其中。本论文报告了一系列描述性的信息。在动物园，自然历史博物馆和科学中心进行的混合方法研究，探索了环境关注框架下的通信的帧效应（Schultz，2001）。在两项研究中，研究人员研究了个人对生活与自然交叠的感知，对环境的关注程度以及对与环境关注类型（即利己主义，社会利他主义）相符的陈述的偏好之间的关系。和生物圈）。使用准实验设计进行了两项研究，其中研究人员随机分配了受环境关注的信息，同时还对先前的参与程度进行了测量。采取了未来意图的措施以允许在消息之间进行比较。最后，对科学中心的访问者进行了访谈，以更深入地了解前四项研究的结果。研究结果表明，尽管个人对自然的重叠感觉与他们对环境的关注程度之间存在联系，两种不同的心理建构。参观者更喜欢生物圈框架的陈述，无论他们的关注水平或与自然的交叠感觉如何。 Shultz和Zelezney（2003）关于自我框架消息的有效性的断言被准实验研究的结果所驳斥，其中接受生物圈框架消息的参与者比那些接受环境消息的参与者表现出更大的参与环境友好行为的意图。这些结果对理论的启示包括，几乎没有证据支持参观动物园会增加人们与自然的亲近感，但是似乎人们对生物圈的关注程度可能以某种形式暂时或暂时地增加访问期间发生的观点取景。对实践的影响包括在发布信息时需要考虑环境（例如，参观动物园而不是参观植物园）。建议的未来研究包括比较从其他场所收集的样本（例如体育赛事），需要长期研究记忆或保留这些信息，以及需要研究随时间反复暴露于信息。

著录项

  • 作者

    Yocco, Victor S.;

  • 作者单位

    The Ohio State University.;

  • 授予单位 The Ohio State University.;
  • 学科 Education Environmental.;Speech Communication.;Education Sciences.;Museology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 217 p.
  • 总页数 217
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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