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首页> 外文学位 >Perceived racism, neighborhood characteristics and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing behaviors among African American community residents and sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic patients.
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Perceived racism, neighborhood characteristics and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing behaviors among African American community residents and sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic patients.

机译：非裔美国人社区居民和性传播疾病（STD）临床患者之间的种族主义，邻里特征和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）测试行为。

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摘要

African Americans have higher rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection than do members of other racial/ethnic groups; yet, little is known about factors influencing African Americans' use of public sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics for HIV diagnosis. Perceived racism is associated with negative attitudes towards HIV preventive services in this population. Few studies, however, have examined associations between perceived racism and testing-related behaviors. No published studies have measured both perceived racism and neighborhood context to explain African American HIV antibody testing-related behaviors. This study integrated Critical Race Theory and the Andersen Access to Care Model to guide examinations of these relationships.; Everyone who presents at the public STD clinic is offered an HIV antibody test. This research aimed to determine whether: (1) perceived racism and neighborhood characteristics were barriers to African Americans seeking care at the public STD clinic; and, (2) perceived racism and neighborhood characteristics were associated with African American STD patients refusing HIV antibody tests offered during their clinical visits.; Data collected from a population-based, probability sample (N = 173) and an STD clinic-based, non-probability sample (N = 373) included: perceived racism, neighborhood characteristics (e.g., percentage black), HIV prevention-related constructs (e.g., perceived risk), demographics, STD clinic care-seeking behavior, and "observed" HIV antibody testing behavior. Statistical analyses included logistic regression, generalized estimating equations and analysis of variance.; Some 29% reported seeking care at the clinic; 55% obtained a test. More than 90% of participants perceived racism; however, perceived racism was not associated with care-seeking behavior (OR = 1.03; 95% CI 0.95, 1.12; p = 0.45). Only one neighborhood characteristic (relative income) was associated with care-seeking behavior (OR = 3.14; 95% CI = 1.18, 8.40; p = 0.02). Perceived racism was associated with slightly lower odds of refusing HIV antibody testing (OR = 0.96; 95% CI = 0.92, 1.00; p = 0.02). Both percentage black (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.03) and mean educational attainment (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.16) were associated with refusing testing.; Future research should explore whether perceived racism's association with HIV antibody testing is influenced by individuals' coping responses or levels of social support. The neighborhoods in which public STD clinic patients reside reflect socioeconomic diversity and extend beyond the "high risk" areas most proximal to the clinic.
机译：与其他种族/族裔成员相比，非洲裔美国人的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染率更高；然而，关于影响非裔美国人使用公共性传播疾病（STD）诊所进行HIV诊断的因素知之甚少。种族主义与对该人群预防艾滋病毒服务的消极态度有关。然而，很少有研究检查感知到的种族主义与测试相关行为之间的关联。尚无已发表的研究对感知到的种族主义和邻里背景进行测量，以解释非裔美国人HIV抗体检测相关行为。这项研究结合了临界种族理论和安徒生获得护理模式来指导对这些关系的检验。向在性病公共诊所就诊的每个人都提供HIV抗体检测。这项研究旨在确定：（1）种族主义和邻里特征是否成为非裔美国人在公共性病诊所就医的障碍； （2）种族歧视和邻里特征与非洲裔美国性病患者在临床就诊期间拒绝提供HIV抗体检测有关。从基于人群的概率样本（N = 173）和基于STD诊所的非概率样本（N = 373）中收集的数据包括：感知到的种族主义，邻里特征（例如，黑人百分比），与HIV预防相关的结构（例如，感知到的风险），人口统计学，性病门诊寻求医疗行为以及“观察到”的HIV抗体检测行为。统计分析包括逻辑回归，广义估计方程和方差分析。约29％的人报告到诊所寻求护理； 55％获得了测试。超过90％的参与者认为种族主义；但是，种族歧视与寻求护理行为无关（OR = 1.03； 95％CI 0.95，1.12； p = 0.45）。就诊行为仅与一个邻里特征（相对收入）相关（OR = 3.14； 95％CI = 1.18，8.40； p = 0.02）。种族主义与拒绝HIV抗体检测的几率略低有关（OR = 0.96; 95％CI = 0.92，1.00; p = 0.02）。黑人百分比（OR = 1.01； 95％CI = 1.00，1.03）和平均受教育程度（OR = 1.48； 95％CI = 1.01、2.16）均与拒绝测试相关。未来的研究应探讨被认为的种族主义与HIV抗体检测的关联是否受到个人应对反应或社会支持水平的影响。公共性病诊所患者所居住的社区反映了社会经济多样性，并超出了最接近诊所的“高风险”地区。

著录项

  • 作者

    Ford, Chandra L.;

  • 作者单位

    The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.;

  • 授予单位 The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.;
  • 学科 Health Sciences Public Health.; Black Studies.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2005
  • 页码 200 p.
  • 总页数 200
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 预防医学、卫生学;人类学;
  • 关键词

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