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Insect pests and pathogens compromise the persistence of two endemic and rare Braya (Brassicaceae).

机译：昆虫和病原体损害了两个地方性和罕见的Braya（Brassicaceae）的持久性。

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摘要

Rare and threatened plant species face a variety of threats to their persistence including habitat degradation, non-native herbivores, and pathogens. In this study we explored the effects of a non-native, agricultural pest and three pathogens on two rare vascular plants restricted to a unique ecosystem. Agro-ecosystems support many nonnative insects, but their potential to find and impact rare, native plants is largely unknown. Plutella xylostella L. (diamondback moth) is a global agricultural pest of the Brassicaceae family, including the endangered Braya longii (Fernald) (Long's braya) and threatened B. fernaldii (Abbe) (Fernald's braya) that are endemic to the limestone barrens of Newfoundland, Canada. The immigration of P. xylostella from southern overwintering sites to this unique ecosystem was monitored with pheromone traps between 2003 and 2005. At the same time individually tagged Braya were monitored for the presence and impact of P. xylostella and three pathogens. Since habitat loss and deterioration is still the most important threat to the persistence of endangered species, the frequency of each pest was compared between Braya populations growing on anthropogenically disturbed and undisturbed habitat.;Stage based transition matrices created from these data and summarized into deterministic projections predict Braya populations will decline over the next 10 years. P. xylostella may negatively impact the persistence of other rare Brassicaceae worldwide because they can infest rare plants growing in native vegetation, especially when the vegetation is sparse, and they, as do the pathogens, preferentially damage flowering plants. Modelling suggests that the management of pathogens in anthropogenically disturbed populations will most improve the population growth rate, where as the management of P. xylostella in undisturbed populations will most improve the population growth rate. Presently, insufficient attention is directed to the impacts of both native and non-native agricultural pests on rare host plants; hence, there is a need for both the conservation and agricultural communities to cooperate in mitigating their impacts on native biodiversity.;Between 2003 and 2005, 30% of B. longii and 16% of B. fernaldii were infested by P. xylostella, 8.6% of the total B. longii population died from root rot ( Fusarium sp.), 18% of B. longii on anthropogenically disturbed sites were infected with an unidentified pathogen causing their flowering stalks to rot, and 27% of B. fernaldii in northern sites were infected with an unidentified pathogen causing flowering stalk and leaf deformities. Impacted plants contributed between 9% and 75% less seeds to annual seed production than healthy, flowering plants and had a statistically higher probability of mortality. The majority (66%-100%) of pathogen infections occurred on anthropogenically disturbed habitat.
机译：稀有和受威胁的植物物种面临其生存的各种威胁，包括栖息地退化，非本地食草动物和病原体。在这项研究中，我们探索了非本地，农业病虫害和三种病原体对限制在一个独特生态系统中的两种稀有维管植物的影响。农业生态系统支持许多外来昆虫，但是它们发现和影响稀有本地植物的潜力却鲜为人知。小菜蛾（Plutella xylostella L。）（小菜蛾）是十字花科的一种全球性农业害虫，包括濒临灭绝的石灰岩贫瘠之地特有的濒危的Braya longii（Fernald）（Long's braya）和威胁的B. fernaldii（Abbe）（Fernald's braya）。加拿大纽芬兰。 2003年至2005年间，用信息素诱捕器监测了南方越冬地点小菜蛾向该独特生态系统的迁移。同时，对单独标记的Braya进行了监控，以了解小菜蛾和三种病原体的存在和影响。由于栖息地的丧失和恶化仍然是濒危物种持续生存的最重要威胁，因此，在人为干扰和未受干扰的栖息地上生长的布雷亚种群之间，比较了每种害虫的发生频率。根据这些数据创建的基于阶段的过渡矩阵，并归纳为确定性预测预测Braya人口将在未来10年内下降。小菜蛾可对全世界其他珍稀的十字花科的持久性产生负面影响，因为它们会侵害在天然植被中生长的珍稀植物，尤其是当植物稀疏时，它们和病原体一样会优先损害开花植物。模型表明，在人为干扰的人群中病原体的管理将最大程度地提高人口增长率，而在不受干扰的人群中对小菜蛾的控制将最大程度地提高人口增长率。目前，对本地和非本地农业害虫对稀有寄主植物的影响的关注不足。因此，保护​​区和农业社区都需要合作以减轻其对当地生物多样性的影响。； 2003年至2005年之间，长木双歧杆菌30％和费氏双歧杆菌16％受到小菜蛾8.6的侵扰。占总B. longii种群的百分比死于根腐病（Fusarium sp。），在人为干扰的部位上，有18％的B. longii感染了未知的病原体，导致其花梗腐烂，而北部的B. fernaldii占27％。感染不明病原体的病原体引起开花茎和叶片畸形。与健康的开花植物相比，受影响的植物为年度种子生产贡献的种子减少了9％至75％，并且具有统计学上更高的死亡率。大多数（66％-100％）病原体感染发生在人为干扰的栖息地上。

著录项

  • 作者

    Squires, Susan E.;

  • 作者单位

    Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada).;

  • 授予单位 Memorial University of Newfoundland (Canada).;
  • 学科 Biology Ecology.;Biology Entomology.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 184 p.
  • 总页数 184
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 普通生物学;
  • 关键词

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